ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2017
Do position and size matter? An analysis of cage and placement variables for optimum lordosis in PLIF reconstruction.
Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Application of three-dimensional printed porous titanium alloy cage and poly-ether-ether-ketone cage in posterior lumbar interbody fusion].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2022Trial
- Risk factors for insufficient segmental lordosis at the fused level following posterior lumbar interbody fusion: Effect of change in segmental lordosis in the intraoperative prone position.North American Spine Society journal · 2026Article
- Preoperative Alignment and Interbody Cage Design Influence Radiographic Outcomes Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of cage position in posterior lumbar interbody fusion on cage subsidence in patients with asymmetric Modic changes and analysis of related risk factors.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Does Anteroposterior Cage Position and Screw Orientation Influence Clinical/Radiographic Outcomes and Complications After Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Lateral Plate Fixation?Orthopedic research and reviews · 2026Article
- Effect of microscope-assisted modified lateral lumbar interbody fusion and impact on lumbar lordosis and intervertebral height.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Endplate morphology affects the risk of complications by changing the grafted bony occupancy rate in OLIF patients.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Pear-Shaped Disc as a Risk Factor for Postoperative Sclerotic Modic Changes After Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion.Orthopaedic surgery · 2025Article
- Predictors of Postoperative Segmental and Overall Lumbar Lordosis in Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Consecutive Case Series.Global spine journal · 2025Article
- The rational design, biofunctionalization and biological properties of orthopedic porous titanium implants: a review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- A novel technique for posterior lumbar interbody fusion to obtain a good local lordosis angle: anterior-release posterior lumbar interbody fusion.Asian spine journal · 2024Article
- Effect of Cage Material and Size on Fusion Rate and Subsidence Following Biportal Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion.Neurospine · 2024Article
- Predictability in Achieving Target Intervertebral Lordosis Using Personalized Interbody Implants.International journal of spine surgery · 2024Article
- Effects of Cage Implantation Depth on Sagittal Parameters and Functional Outcomes in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion for the Treatment of L4-L5 Lumbar Degenerative Spondylolisthesis.Orthopaedic surgery · 2024Article
- Development of End-to-End Artificial Intelligence Models for Surgical Planning in Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Anterior Placement of Cages in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Obtaining Good Lumbar Lordosis Formation.Spine surgery and related research · 2024Article
- Hounsfield unit for assessing bone mineral density distribution within lumbar vertebrae and its clinical values.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with an expandable interbody device: Two-year clinical and radiographic outcomes.North American Spine Society journal · 2023Article
- Response to: Concerning Using Lordotic Cages at the L5-S1 Level Does Not Guarantee the Improvement of Sagittal Alignment in Patients Who Underwent Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion.Asian spine journal · 2023Article
- Analysis of risk factors for contralateral symptomatic foraminal stenosis after unilateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.International orthopaedics · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo examine monosegmental lordosis after posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) surgery and relate lordosis to cage size, shape, and placement.
methodsEighty-three consecutive patients underwent single-level PLIF with paired identical lordotic cages involving a wide decompression and bilateral facetectomies. Cage parameters relating to size (height, lordosis, and length) and placement (expressed as a ratio relative to the length of the inferior vertebral endplate) were recorded. Centre point ratio (CPR) was the distance to the centre of both cages and indicated mean position of both cages. Posterior gap ratio (PGR) was the distance to the most posterior cage and indicated position and cage length indirectly. Relationships between lordosis and cage parameters were explored.
resultsMean lordosis increased by 5.98° (SD 6.86°). The cages used varied in length from 20 to 27 mm, in lordosis from 10° to 18°, and in anterior cage height from 10 to 17 mm. The mean cage placement as determined by CPR was 0.54 and by PGR was 0.16. The significant correlations were: both CPR and PGR with lordosis gain at surgery (r = 0.597 and 0.537, respectively, p < 0.001 both), cage lordosis with the final lordosis (r = 0.234, p < 0.05), and anterior cage height was negatively correlated with a change in lordosis (r = -0.297, p < 0.01).
conclusionCage size, shape, and position, in addition to surgical technique, determine lordosis during PLIF surgery. Anterior placement with sufficient "clear space" behind the cages is recommended. In addition, cages should be of moderate height and length, so that they act as an effective pivot for lordosis.
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