ArticleJRSM open2017
Balanitis xerotica obliterans: has its diagnostic accuracy improved with time?
Article in JRSM open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Topical corticosteroids for treating phimosis in boys.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Comparison of lichen sclerosus in boys and girls: A systematic literature review of epidemiology, symptoms, genetic background, risk factors, treatment, and prognosis.Pediatric dermatology · 2022Pooled it
- Underestimation of genital lichen sclerosus incidence in boys with phimosis: results from a systematic review.Pediatric surgery international · 2018Pooled it
- Article
- Meatotomy and meatoplasty on meatal stenosis due to balanitis xerotica obliterans.Urology case reports · 2024Article
- Penile Carcinoma Secondary to Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans and Its Compounding Resultant Pathologies: A Case Report.Cureus · 2024Article
- Balanitis xerotica obliterans: An observational, descriptive and retrospective clinical study.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Article
- Could a careful clinical examination distinguish physiologic phimosis from balanitis xerotica obliterans in children?European journal of pediatrics · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesWe observed whether general practitioners are referring more appropriately for balanitis xerotica obliterans in regards to circumcision, especially at a time of clinical concern, and whether their discriminative abilities were affected by age. We also aimed to explore if balanitis xerotica obliterans was over-diagnosed by surgeons potentially leading to unnecessary circumcisions of healthy foreskins.
designCross-sectional descriptive study.
settingLeicester Royal Infirmary.
participantsAll children less than 16 years of age were included and were subsequently split into two categories: those less than or equal to five years and those above five years. Circumcision was justified if surgeon found pathology under foreskin commissioning guidelines set by the Royal College of Surgeons of England. After clinical diagnosis of balanitis xerotica obliterans, the pathological database was searched for histological confirmation.
main outcome measuresHas diagnostic accuracy improved amongst general practitioners for balanitis xerotica obliterans and is there a high clinical to histological confirmation.
resultsOf the total patients, 14.5% were diagnosed clinically with balanitis xerotica obliterans. Only 66.7% of cases were histologically confirmed with chronic inflammation found in the rest; 5.5% of all boys referred had balanitis xerotica obliterans on histology; and 8.2% of children <5 had clinical balanitis xerotica obliterans with 1.7% confirmed histologically. This was in contrast with 18.1% and 9.2% found in the older cohort.
conclusionThere remains a high diagnostic inaccuracy amongst general practitioners when referring for balanitis xerotica obliterans. This is greatest in those under five years. Although balanitis xerotica obliterans was over-diagnosed, no healthy foreskin underwent unnecessary circumcision.
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