ArticleFrontiers in immunology2017
2-Deoxy-d-Glucose Treatment Decreases Anti-inflammatory M2 Macrophage Polarization in Mice with Tumor and Allergic Airway Inflammation.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Microbiota-derived 4-HPAA alleviates Crohn's disease by stabilizing SIRT1 and reprogramming macrophage immunometabolism.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Article
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- Metabolic adaptations of immunosuppressive cells in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Therapeutic Targets: Deciphering Interaction Networks and Advancing Clinical Translation.MedComm · 2026Review
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- Histone demethylase KDM7A negatively regulates fibrotic macrophage polarization and lung fibrosis progression.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism in club cells drives airway inflammation.Stem cell reports · 2026Article
- Metabolic licensing and restriction of innate immunity in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Tumor-immune metabolic tug-of-war: from immune escape to targeting metabolic rewiring in cancer therapy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Advances in traditional Chinese medicine for modulating macrophage polarization in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Regulation of macrophage polarization in chronic airway inflammatory diseases: immune interactions, metabolic reprogramming, and beyond.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exosomal regulation of cellular reprogramming and polarization in the tumor microenvironment.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Myeloid metabolism and its role in immunotherapy of cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- Obesity Risk Factors Promote Metabolic Reprogramming and Viral Infection in Airways with Type 1 High Inflammation.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Metabolic checkpoints in immune cell reprogramming: rewiring immunometabolism for cancer therapy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- A new method to measure cell metabolism of rare cells in vivo reveals a high oxidative phosphorylation dependence of lung T cells.Immunology and cell biology · 2025Article
- Glioblastoma-associated macrophages in glioblastoma: from their function and mechanism to therapeutic advances.Cancer gene therapy · 2025Review
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As important effector cells in inflammation, macrophages can be functionally polarized into either inflammatory M1 or alternatively activated anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype depending on surroundings. The key roles of glycolysis in M1 macrophage polarization have been well defined. However, the relationship between glycolysis and M2 polarized macrophages is still poorly understood. Here, we report that 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG), an inhibitor of the glycolytic pathway, markedly inhibited the expressions of Arg, Ym-1, Fizz1, and CD206 molecules, the hall-markers for M2 macrophages, during macrophages were stimulated with interleukin 4. The impacted M2 macrophage polarization by 2-DG is not due to cell death but caused by the impaired cellular glycolysis. Molecular mechanism studies indicate that the effect of 2-DG on M2 polarized macrophages relies on AMPK-Hif-1α-dependent pathways. Importantly, 2-DG treatment significantly decreases anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization and prevents disease progression in a series of mouse models with chitin administration, tumor, and allergic airway inflammation. Thus, the identification of the master role of glycolysis in M2 macrophage polarization offers potential molecular targets for M2 macrophages-mediated diseases. 2-DG therapy may have beneficial effects in patients with tumors or allergic airway inflammation by its negative regulation on M2 macrophage polarization.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.