ReviewFrontiers in neurology2017
Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Putting Together the Puzzle.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: New Therapeutic Approaches.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2025Review
- Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis-A Key to Understanding and Managing Disease Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Neurodegeneration and its potential markers in the diagnosing of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. A review.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Treatment of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Transitioning Between Relapsing and Progressive Disease.CNS drugs · 2023Review
- Development of an ultrasensitive microfluidic assay for the analysis of Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in blood.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Article
- The Dual PDE7-GSK3β Inhibitor, VP3.15, as Neuroprotective Disease-Modifying Treatment in a Model of Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Multiple Sclerosis: Pioneering the Path Towards Treatment of Progression?CNS drugs · 2022Review
- Antibody Therapies for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis and for Promoting Repair.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2022Review
- Blood GFAP as an emerging biomarker in brain and spinal cord disorders.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2022Review
- Impact of Body Mass Index on the Age of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Onset: A Retrospective Study.Neurology international · 2021Article
- The Upper Motor Neuron-Improved Knowledge from ALS and Related Clinical Disorders.Brain sciences · 2021Review
- Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis: Symptoms of Silent Progression, Biomarkers and Neuroprotective Therapy-Kynurenines Are Important Players.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Microglia: The Missing Link to Decipher and Therapeutically Control MS Progression?International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Relation to MRZ Reaction Status in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.Cells · 2020Article
- Preventing Lethal Prostate Cancer with Diet, Supplements, and Rx: Heart Healthy Continues to Be Prostate Healthy and "First Do No Harm" Part II.Current urology reports · 2020Review
- Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Associations with Neurological Diseases and the Need for Vaccine Development.Vaccines · 2020Review
- Glial Activation Markers in CSF and Serum From Patients With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Potential of Serum GFAP as Disease Severity Marker?Frontiers in neurology · 2019Article
- Recent advances in understanding multiple sclerosis.F1000Research · 2019Review
- Necroptosis and RIPK1-mediated neuroinflammation in CNS diseases.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The focus of multiple sclerosis research has recently turned to the relatively rare and clearly more challenging condition of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). Many risk factors such as genetic susceptibility, age, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection may interdepend on various levels, causing a complex pathophysiological cascade. Variable pathological mechanisms drive disease progression, including inflammation-associated axonal loss, continuous activation of central nervous system resident cells, such as astrocytes and microglia as well as mitochondrial dysfunction and iron accumulation. Histological studies revealed diffuse infiltration of the gray and white matter as well as of the meninges with inflammatory cells such as B-, T-, natural killer, and plasma cells. While numerous anti-inflammatory agents effective in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis basically failed in treatment of PPMS, the B-cell-depleting monoclonal antibody ocrelizumab recently broke the dogma that PPMS cannot be treated by an anti-inflammatory approach by demonstrating efficacy in a phase 3 PPMS trial. Other treatments aiming at enhancing remyelination (MD1003) as well as EBV-directed treatment strategies may be promising agents on the horizon. In this article, we aim to summarize new advances in the understanding of risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment of PPMS. Moreover, we introduce a novel concept to understand the nature of the disease and possible treatment strategies in the near future.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.