ReviewJournal of chemical neuroanatomy2017
Cocaine adulteration.
Review in Journal of chemical neuroanatomy, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Considering unintentional exposure when testing for cocaine use via oral fluid testing.Forensic science international · 2026Article
- Neuropharmacology of levamisole and its phase I metabolites: lack of evidence for levamisole-cocaine interactions.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Cocaine-Induced Ocular Toxicity.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Sorbent Strip Microextraction as a Practical Tool for Drug Screening: Application to Opioids and Local Anesthetics in Human Urine.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comparative Analysis of Benchtop NMR and HPLC-UV for Illicit Drug Mixtures.Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC · 2025Article
- From trash to results: shortcomings and benefits of paraphernalia-based drug checking in Finland.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with Concomitant Use of Calcium Channel Blockers and Cocaine: An Analysis of FDA Adverse Events Reporting System Data.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Unveiling the Complexities of Medications, Substance Abuse, and Plants for Recreational and Narcotic Purposes: An In-Depth Analysis.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Health risks of cocaine adulteration: local anesthetics as modulators of monoamine and organic cation transporters.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Bar Adsorptive Microextraction Approach for Trace Determination of Local Anesthetics in Urine Matrices.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Retinal Vascular Complications in Cocaine Abuse: A Case Report and a Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Cocaine/Levamisole-Induced, Skin-Limited ANCA-Associated Vasculitis with Pyoderma Gangrenosum-like Presentation.Dermatopathology (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Interaction between cocaine use and sleep behavior: A comprehensive review of cocaine's disrupting influence on sleep behavior and sleep disruptions influence on reward seeking.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2021Review
- Performance evaluation of handheld Raman spectroscopy for cocaine detection in forensic case samples.Drug testing and analysis · 2021Article
- Article
- Electrochemical Fingerprints of Illicit Drugs on Graphene and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.Frontiers in chemistry · 2021Article
- Personal Doses of Cocaine and Coca Paste are Adulterated in Cartagena de Indias (Colombia).TheScientificWorldJournal · 2021Article
- Interpol review of controlled substances 2016-2019.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2020Review
- Cognitive and neuroanatomical impairments associated with chronic exposure to levamisole-contaminated cocaine.Translational psychiatry · 2018Article
- DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Aminorex Analogues.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cocaine is a naturally occurring and illicitly used psychostimulant drug. Cocaine acts at monoaminergic neurotransmitter transporters to block uptake of the monoamines, dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine. The resulting increase of monoamines in the extracellular space underlies the positively reinforcing effects that cocaine users seek. In turn, this increase in monoamines underlies the development of addiction, and can also result in a number of severe side effects. Currently, cocaine is one of the most common illicit drugs available on the European market. However, cocaine is increasingly sold in impure forms. This trend is driven by cocaine dealers seeking to increase their profit margin by mixing ("cutting") cocaine with numerous other compounds ("adulterants"). Importantly, these undeclared compounds put cocaine consumers at risk, because consumers are not aware of the additional potential threats to their health. This review describes adulterants that have been identified in cocaine sold on the street market. Their typical pharmacological profile and possible reasons why these compounds can be used as cutting agents will be discussed. Since a subset of these adulterants has been found to exert effects similar to cocaine itself, we will discuss levamisole, the most frequently used cocaine cutting agent today, and its metabolite aminorex.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.