Observational studyPloS one2017
On-treatment decrease of NKG2D correlates to early emergence of clinically evident hepatocellular carcinoma after interferon-free therapy for chronic hepatitis C.
Observational study in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- APASL HCV guidelines of virus-eradicated patients by DAA on how to monitor HCC occurrence and HBV reactivation.Hepatology international · 2019Guideline
- Hepatitis C Virus-Related One-Year Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence After Directly Acting Antivirals: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2024Trial
- Re-evaluating DAA therapy in active hepatocellular carcinoma: from controversy to clinical considerations.Journal of liver cancer · 2026Review
- Multimodal clinical parameters-based immune status associated with the prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Review
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C and Liver Cirrhosis Treated with DAA: A Focused Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Unmet needs in the post-direct-acting antivirals era: The risk and molecular mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatitis C virus eradication.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2024Review
- HCV and HCC Tango-Deciphering the Intricate Dance of Disease: A Review Article.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- CD4/CD8 Ratio could be predictor of burden hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian chronic hepatitis C after combined sofosbuvir and daclatasvir therapy.African health sciences · 2023Article
- The Impact of interferon lambda 3 Polymorphism on Hepato-Cellular Carcinoma Progression in Hepatitis C Virus Patients: Treatment-Naïve and Experienced.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2023Article
- Article
- Association between direct-acting antiviral agents in hepatitis C virus treatment and hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence and recurrence: The endless debate.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Review
- HCC in the Era of Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents (DAAs): Surgical and Other Curative or Palliative Strategies in the Elderly.Cancers · 2021Article
- Review
- Hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after directly acting antivirals for chronic hepatitis C: a 2-year follow-up study.Clinical and experimental hepatology · 2021Article
- Immunological Mechanisms for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk after Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Tumor microenvironment in primary liver tumors: A challenging role of natural killer cells.World journal of gastroenterology · 2020Review
- HCC occurrence after DAA treatments: molecular tools to assess the post-treatment risk and surveillance.Hepatic oncology · 2020Article
- Review
- Direct-acting antiviral treatment downregulates immune checkpoint inhibitor expression in patients with chronic hepatitis C.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsInterferon (IFN)- free direct antiviral agents (DAAs) with rapid HCV eradication might evoke immunological reconstitutions, and some early recurrences of HCC after IFN-free DAAs have been reported. This study aimed to investigate whether natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) predicts early emergence of HCC after IFN-free DAAs.
methodsWe conducted a clinical practice-based observational study of 101 patients infected with genotype 1 HCV who received IFN-free (DAAs), and stratified them into those who did or did not develop early (i.e., during the 6-month surveillance period following treatment.) recurrence or occurrence of clinically evident HCC. We also analyzed the peripheral blood mononuclear cells, both before treatment and at end of treatment (EOT), of 24 of the patients who received IFN-free DAAs, and 16 who received IFN-combined protease inhibitor.
resultsWe found early emergence of clinically evident HCC after IFN-free DAAs in 12 (12%) patients. Higher pre-treatment NKG2D expression, higher FIB-4 score, previous HCC history and failure to achieve sustained viral response were significant factors correlating to early HCC emergence. After IFN-free DAAs, a rapid decrease of NKG2D at EOT correlated with early HCC emergence in the IFN-free DAA-treated patients, but not in patients treated with the IFN-combined regimen. The decrease of NKG2D until EOT was predictive of early HCC emergence at a cut-off of -52% (AUC = 0.92).
conclusionsOn-treatment decrease of NKG2D may be a useful predictor of early emerging HCC in patients treated with IFN-free DAAs.
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