ArticleNature protocols2017
A human intestinal M-cell-like model for investigating particle, antigen and microorganism translocation.
Article in Nature protocols, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stiffness-tunable oral nanoparticles facilitate damaged islet β cell restoration for diabetes treatment.Science advances · 2026Article
- Intestinal Microfold Cells Play a Critical Role in the Uptake and Oral Tolerance Mediated by Lysophosphatidylserine-Containing Lipidic Nanoparticles.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Rectal nanoparticulate-hydrogel delivering budesonide to reduce enterohepatic drug metabolism and clearance.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Identification of antimicrobial peptides from ancient gut microbiomes.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Transport Mechanisms of 2D Nanoparticles across a Human Follicle-Associated Epithelium Model.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Nanoplastics Enhance Transmembrane Transport and Uptake of Carcinogens: Transcriptional Changes and the Effects of Weathering.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Gut expression of CD71 and co-localisation with Dec-1 associated with high levels of serum SIgA and disease activity in SpA.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- M cells targeted H. pylori antigen SAM-FAdE displayed on bacterium-like particles induce protective immunity.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Gram-positive enhancer matrix delivering FVpE via M cell targeting elicit protective mucosal and adaptive immune responses againstFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Solid Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Improved Oral Bioavailability of Relugolix: Preparation and Evaluation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Recent Advances in Cell-Based In Vitro Models to Recreate Human Intestinal Inflammation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- The Diagnostic Potential of the Human Blood Microbiome: Are We Dreaming or Awake?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Twin-bioengine self-adaptive micro/nanorobots using enzyme actuation and macrophage relay for gastrointestinal inflammation therapy.Science advances · 2023Article
- Functional assays to evaluate antibody-mediated responses againstFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Cellular Uptake and Transport Mechanism of 6-Mercaptopurine Nanomedicines for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Oral delivery of protein and peptide drugs: from non-specific formulation approaches to intestinal cell targeting strategies.Theranostics · 2022Review
- An update on oral drug deliveryActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2021Review
- Mucosal immunity-mediated modulation of the gut microbiome by oral delivery of probiotics into Peyer's patches.Science advances · 2021Article
- New In Vitro Coculture Model for Evaluating Intestinal Absorption of Different Lipid Nanocapsules.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The specialized microfold cells (M cells) in the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) of intestinal Peyer's patches serve as antigen-sampling cells of the intestinal innate immune system. Unlike 'classical' enterocytes, they are able to translocate diverse particulates without digesting them. They act as pathways for microorganism invasion and mediate food tolerance by transcellular transport of intestinal microbiota and antigens. Their ability to transcytose intact particles can be used to develop oral drug delivery and oral immunization strategies. This protocol describes a reproducible and versatile human M-cell-like in vitro model. This model can be exploited to evaluate M-cell transport of microparticles and nanoparticles for protein, drug or vaccine delivery and to study bacterial adherence and translocation across M cells. The inverted in vitro M-cell model consists of three main steps. First, Caco-2 cells are seeded at the apical side of the inserts. Second, the inserts are inverted and B lymphocytes are seeded at the basolateral side of the inserts. Third, the conversion to M cells is assessed. Although various M-cell culture systems exist, this model provides several advantages over the rest: (i) it is based on coculture with well-established differentiated human cell lines; (ii) it is reproducible under the conditions described herein; (iii) it can be easily mastered; and (iv) it does not require the isolation of primary cells or the use of animals. The protocol requires skills in cell culture and microscopy analysis. The model is obtained after 3 weeks, and transport experiments across the differentiated model can be carried out over periods of up to 10 h.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.