ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2017
PDE4 Inhibition and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Novel Therapeutic Avenue.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comparative Efficacy of Different Targeted Therapies in Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis: Systematic Review/Network Meta-Analysis and Mechanistic Overview.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2025Pooled it
- A large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis reveals shared genetic architecture between Alzheimer's disease and gastrointestinal tract disorders.Communications biology · 2022Pooled it
- Identification and Validation of Key Purine Metabolism-Related Genes in Ulcerative Colitis Using Bioinformatics and Machine Learning.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- PDE4 inhibitor apremilast ameliorates TNBS-induced irritable bowel syndrome in mice by activating the Nrf-2 signaling pathway in enteric glial cells.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- EngineeredActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Article
- Review
- Targeting Phosphodiesterase 4 in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases: From Isoform-Specific Mechanisms to Precision Therapeutics.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Algae-Derived Biomolecules in Gut Health: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of miR-369-3p via PDE4B in Intestinal Inflammatory Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Targeting Aquaporin-5 by Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibition Offers New Therapeutic Opportunities for Ovarian Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Article
- 2% Crisaborole Ointment for the Treatment of Chronic Cheilitis Caused by Lip Tattoos.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- Gut virome-colonisingGut · 2023Article
- The Complexity and Multiplicity of the Specific cAMP Phosphodiesterase Family: PDE4, Open New Adapted Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Curative effects of fucoidan on acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in rats via modulating aryl hydrocarbon receptor and phosphodiesterase-4.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2022Article
- miR-374a-5p regulates inflammatory genes and monocyte function in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2022Article
- The Role of Tissue-Resident Macrophages in the Development and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Research progress of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in inflammatory bowel disease treatment.Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2021Review
- Small Molecule Drugs in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase-4 in Psoriatic Arthritis and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn the last few decades, a better knowledge of the inflammatory pathways involved in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) has promoted biological therapy as an important tool to treat IBD patients. However, in spite of a wider spectrum of biological drugs, a significant proportion of patients is unaffected by or lose their response to these compounds, along with increased risks of infections and malignancies. For these reasons there is an urgent need to look for new pharmacological targets. The novel Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors have been recently introduced as new modulators of intracellular signals and gene transcription for the treatment of IBD.
aimTo discuss and describe the state of the art of this new class of compounds in the IBD field, with particular attention to apremilast.
methodsPublished articles selected from PubMed were comprehensively reviewed, with key words including apremilast, inflammatory disease, IBD, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, pathogenesis, therapies, and treatment.
resultsPDE4 inhibitors generate elevated intracellular levels of cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP), that consequently down-regulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the mucosa of IBD patients. The newly developed apremilast is one of these drugs and has already been approved for the treatment of dermatologic/rheumatologic inflammatory conditions; studies in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis have in fact demonstrated its clinical activity. However, no clinical trials have yet been published on the use of apremilast in IBD.
conclusionIn light of the similarity of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways across the gut, the skin, and joints, apremilast is likely supposed to show its efficacy also in IBD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.