Observational studyPloS one2017
IL-33 and ST2 levels in chronic kidney disease: Associations with inflammation, vascular abnormalities, cardiovascular events, and survival.
Observational study in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 with mortality and adverse outcomes in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2024Pooled it
- Prognostic Value of Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Meta-Analysis.Disease markers · 2021Pooled it
- Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019Pooled it
- Effects of finerenone on arterial stiffness and cardiorenal biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a randomised placebo-controlled mechanistic trial (FIVE-STAR).Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Trial
- Morphological and Biochemical Insights Into the Renoprotective Effects of Combined N-Acetylcysteine and Glycine Treatment in Experimental Diabetic Nephropathy.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Article
- The Inflammatory Milieu Exacerbates Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease: From the Gut-Kidney Axis to Bone Marrow Hematopoiesis Inhibition.Kidney & blood pressure research · 2026Review
- Bayesian Analysis of Frailty Risk Factors in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Beyond the alarm: unveiling the multifaceted role of IL-33 in kidney disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory Functions of Intercalated Cells in Kidney Autoimmunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Role of Mast Cells and Their Mediators in Chronic Kidney Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Noninvasive Assessment of Arterial Wall and Soluble ST2 in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Biomarker and clinical data-based predictor tool (MAUXI) for ultrafiltration failure and cardiovascular outcome in peritoneal dialysis patients: a retrospective and longitudinal study.BMJ health & care informatics · 2025Article
- Investigating the cause of cardiovascular dysfunction in chronic kidney disease: capillary rarefaction and inflammation may contribute to detrimental cardiovascular outcomes.Basic research in cardiology · 2024Article
- Systemic Implications of Bullous Pemphigoid: Bridging Dermatology and Internal Medicine.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Amniotic fluid proteomic analysis identifies IL1RL1, APOE, and NECTIN4 as new biomarkers for preterm birth.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Inhibition of Interleukin-33 to Reduce Glomerular Endothelial Inflammation in Diabetic Kidney Disease.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- Osteoprotegerin and Inflammation in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Tozorakimab (MEDI3506): an anti-IL-33 antibody that inhibits IL-33 signalling via ST2 and RAGE/EGFR to reduce inflammation and epithelial dysfunction.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Interleukin-33 Mediates Cardiomyopathy After Acute Kidney Injury by Signaling to Cardiomyocytes.Circulation · 2023Article
- Inflammatory mediators act at renal pericytes to elicit contraction of vasa recta and reduce pericyte density along the kidney medullary vascular network.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveIncreased inflammation, associated with the increase in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage, has a very important influence in vascular injury and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the levels of IL-33 and ST2 in the different stages of CKD and to determine their effect on vascular damage and cardiovascular events (CVE).
methodsThis was an observational cohort study in which serum IL-33 and ST2 were obtained from 238 CKD (stages 1-5) patients. We examined the changes in IL-33/ST2 levels in CKD patients, as well as the association with a surrogate of endothelial dysfunction. Fatal and non-fatal CVE were recorded for a mean of 24 months. We also performed a COX regression analysis to determine the association of IL-33/ST2 levels with CVE and survival.
resultsIL-33 and ST2 levels were significantly increased and estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) were decreased. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) was significantly decreased from stage 1 to stage 5 CKD. IL-33 and ST2 levels were associated with FMD, and ST2 was a predictor. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the presence of diabetes mellitus, smoking, and proteinuria and haemoglobin, Hs-CRP, IL-33, and ST2 were associated with the risk of CVE. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with IL-33 and ST2 levels below the median value (IL-33 = 132.6 ng/L, ST2 = 382.9 pg/mL) had a higher cumulative survival compared with patients who had IL-33 and ST2 levels above the median value (log-rank test, p = 0.000).
conclusionThis is the first study that demonstrates that serum IL-33 and ST2 are associated with vascular injury, cardiovascular events, and survival in CKD patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.