ArticlePloS one2017
The cytotoxic effect of TiF4 and NaF on fibroblasts is influenced by the experimental model, fluoride concentration and exposure time.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative in vitro cytotoxicity of four commercially available 5% sodium fluoride varnishes in HGF-1 gingival fibroblasts.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Upconversion Colloid for Tracking Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Ion release, cytocompatibility and microbial inhibition of a novel varnish containing fluoride-doped bioactive glass ceramics: an in vitro study.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Article
- Review
- Efficacy and safety of TiFScientific reports · 2024Article
- The damage and remineralization strategies of dental hard tissues following radiotherapy.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Article
- Stability, dissolution, and cytotoxicity of NaYFScientific reports · 2022Article
- Plasma & Microwaves as Greener Options for Nanodiamond Purification: Insight Into Cytocompatibility.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Article
- Article
- Assessing the protective effects of different surface coatings on NaYFScientific reports · 2020Article
- Comparison of Bromelain Enzyme, Sodium Hypochlorite, and Titanium Tetrafluoride on Shear Bond Strength of Restorative Composite to Dentin: An in vitro Study.Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran) · 2019Article
- Effect of a Titanium Tetrafluoride Varnish in the Prevention and Treatment of Carious Lesions in the Permanent Teeth of Children Living in a Fluoridated Region: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTitanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) has shown promising effect in preventing tooth lesions. Therefore, we compared the cytotoxicity of TiF4 with sodium fluoride (NaF) (already applied in Dentistry) considering different fluoride concentrations, pH values and experimental models. MATERIALS AND
methodsStep 1) NIH/3T3 fibroblasts were exposed to mediums containing NaF or TiF4 (from 0.15 to 2.45% F), both at native and adjusted pH, for 6 h. Step 2) NIH/3T3 were exposed to NaF or TiF4 varnishes with 0.95, 1.95 or 2.45% F (native pH), for 6, 12 or 24 h. We applied MTT (1st and 2nd steps) and Hoescht/PI stain (2nd step) assays. Step 3) NIH/3T3 were exposed to NaF or TiF4 varnish (2.45% F), at native pH, for 6 or 12 h. The cell stiffness was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM).
resultsStep 1) All cells exposed to NaF or TiF4 mediums died, regardless of the F concentration and pH. Step 2) Both varnishes, at 1.90 and 2.45% F, reduced cell viability by similar extents (33-86% at 6 h, 35-93% at 12 h, and 87-98% at 24 h) compared with control, regardless of the type of fluoride. Varnishes with 0.95% F did not differ from control. Step 3) TiF4 and NaF reduced cell stiffness to a similar extent, but only TiF4 differed from control at 6 h.
conclusionsBased on the results of the 3 experimental steps, we conclude that TiF4 and NaF have similar cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity was dependent on F concentration and exposure time. This result gives support for testing the effect of TiF4 varnish in vivo.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.