SynthesisMolecular neurobiology2018
Peripheral Alterations in Cytokine and Chemokine Levels After Antidepressant Drug Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Molecular neurobiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 242 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
242 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 446 citations in OpenAlex.
- Altered Cytokine Levels in the First Episode of Major Depression and in Antidepressant-Naïve Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Decoding and reconstructing disease relations between dry eye and depression: a multimodal investigation comprising meta-analysis, genetic pathways and Mendelian randomization.Journal of advanced research · 2025Pooled it
- Only Small Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Biomarker Levels of Inflammation and Stress: A Preregistered Systematic Review and Two Three-Level Meta-Analyses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Insulin resistance in depression: A large meta-analysis of metabolic parameters and variation.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Antidepressants for COVID-19: A systematic review.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of antidepressant drug therapy with or without physical exercise on inflammatory biomarkers in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Inflammation and depression in young people: a systematic review and proposed inflammatory pathways.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- The effect of antidepressants on the severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Association between antidepressant use and reduced risk of intubation or death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: results from an observational study.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Ketamine's effect on inflammation and kynurenine pathway in depression: A systematic review.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2021Pooled it
- Changes in peripheral blood compounds following psychopharmacological treatment in drug-naïve first-episode patients with either schizophrenia or major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Genome-wide association studies of antidepressant class response and treatment-resistant depression.Translational psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Evidence-based umbrella review of 162 peripheral biomarkers for major mental disorders.Translational psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Peripheral cytokine levels and response to antidepressant treatment in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of 6-months of SSRI use on DNA-methylation and gene expression in blood.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Trial
- Characterization of the central nervous system penetrant and selective purine P2X7 receptor antagonist JNJ-54175446 in patients with major depressive disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Efficacy and safety of adding fluoxetine to the treatment regimen of hospitalized patients with non-critical COVID-19 pneumonia: A double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2023Trial
- Changes in the gut microbiome associated with infliximab in patients with bipolar disorder.Brain and behavior · 2021Trial
- The Antidiabetic Metformin as an Adjunct to Antidepressants in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Proof-of-Concept, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2020Trial
- Higher Lipopolysaccharide Levels Are Linked to Less Anhedonia and Lower Severity of Major Depressive Disorder.Brain sciences · 2026Article
182 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 12 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that aberrations in immune-inflammatory pathways contribute to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), and individuals with MDD may have elevated levels of predominantly pro-inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein. In addition, previous meta-analyses suggest that antidepressant drug treatment may decrease peripheral levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-6. Recently, several new studies examining the effect of antidepressants on these cytokines have been published, and so we performed an updated meta-analysis of studies that measured peripheral levels of cytokines and chemokines during antidepressant treatment in patients with MDD. The PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycInfo databases were searched from inception through March 9, 2017. Forty-five studies met inclusion criteria (N = 1517). Peripheral levels of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, IL-10, IL-2, IL-4, interferon-γ, IL-8, the C-C motif ligand 2 chemokine (CCL-2), CCL-3, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-13, IL-17, IL-5, IL-7, and the soluble IL-2 receptor were measured in at least three datasets and thus were meta-analyzed. Antidepressant treatment significantly decreased peripheral levels of IL-6 (Hedges g = -0.454, P <0.001), TNF-α (g = -0.202, P = 0.015), IL-10 (g = -0.566, P = 0.012), and CCL-2 (g = -1.502, P = 0.006). These findings indicate that antidepressants decrease several markers of peripheral inflammation. However, this meta-analysis did not provide evidence that reductions in peripheral inflammation are associated with antidepressant treatment response although few studies provided separate data for treatment responders and non-responders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.