Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28611341›Full record

ArticleSaudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association

Prevalence and molecular characterization of hepatitis D virus in Saudi Arabia: A single-center study.

Ghazi A Jamjoom, Mai M El-Daly, Esam I Azhar, Hind I Fallatah, Hisham O Akbar, Mohammed Babatin, Abdullah S Alghamdi, Mohammed I Dgdgi, Mohamed A Hamid, Yousef A Qari and 1 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
0.3field-weighted citation impact, top 37% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Multisociety consensus recommendations on hepatitis delta virus infection.Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Ghazi A JamjoomSpecial Infectious Agent Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Mai M El-DalySpecial Infectious Agent Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Esam I AzharSpecial Infectious Agent Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Hind I FallatahUnit of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Hisham O AkbarUnit of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed BabatinGastroenterology Unit, King Fahd Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah S AlghamdiDepartment of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed I DgdgiGastroenterology Department, King Fahd Central Hospital, Jizan, Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed A HamidViral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
Yousef A QariDepartment of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Sherif A El-KafrawySpecial Infectious Agent Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
King Abdulaziz University · SAKing Fahad Hospital Jeddah · SANational Water Research Center · EG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

aimsHepatitis D virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus that is dependent on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for transmission and replication. HDV significance arises from the possibility of poor prognosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In Saudi Arabia, HDV prevalence varied from 8 to 32% before the HBV vaccination program and ranged from 0 to 14.7% after the vaccination program was started. The last study, performed in 2004, showed a prevalence of 8.6% in hospital-based HBV cases and 3.3% in healthy donors. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and molecular characterization of HDV in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia by molecular and serological techniques. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to detect HDV at the molecular level in Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND

methodsThe study included samples from 182 CHB patients from Jeddah; 13 samples with HBsAg negative were excluded. Samples were tested for HDV-Ab, viral RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the HDV L-Ag region and sequence analysis.

resultsThe mean age of the participants was 44.36 years; 75.1% of the participants were Saudi nationals, 58% were males. Nine samples were positive for HDV-Ab and four were borderline; all were subjected to RT-PCR amplification. Three of the positive HDV-Ab cases and 1 borderline case were positive by RT-PCR. All the positive cases had HBV genotype D, and the positive RT-PCR cases were positive for HBV DNA. One of the HDV viremic samples was of genotype 1 by sequencing. The prevalence of HDV in the study was 7.7%, which was lower in Saudis (6.3%) than in non-Saudis (11.9%).

conclusionHDV coinfection does not seem to have an effect on the clinical status of the recruited CHB cases in this study. More studies are needed to investigate the genetic diversity in other areas such as the southern parts of the Kingdom.

Indexed as

PrevalenceAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCoinfectionFemaleGenetic VariationGenotypeHepatitis AntibodiesHepatitis BHepatitis B, ChronicHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatitis B virusHepatitis D, ChronicHepatitis Delta VirusHumansHepatitis AntibodiesHepatitis B Surface AntigensRNA, Viral

Identifiers

PMID28611341
PMCPMC5470377
OpenAlexW2729381590

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.