Observational studyAIDS (London, England)2017
Cytomegalovirus viraemia is associated with poor growth and T-cell activation with an increased burden in HIV-exposed uninfected infants.
Observational study in AIDS (London, England), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurodevelopment among children exposed to HIV and uninfected in sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Article
- Indirect effects of cytomegalovirus infection: Implications for vaccine development.Reviews in medical virology · 2023Review
- Defective Monocyte Enzymatic Function and an Inhibitory Immune Phenotype in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Exposed Uninfected African Infants in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Complexity of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in South African HIV-Exposed Infants with Pneumonia.Viruses · 2022Article
- Cytomegalovirus Viremia and Clinical Outcomes in Kenyan Children Diagnosed With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Hospital.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Observational
- Association Between Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Viremia And Human Immunodeficiency Virus DNA Levels in the Reservoir of Kenyan Infants Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Growth Trajectories of HIV Exposed and HIV Unexposed Infants. A Prospective Study in Gweru, Zimbabwe.Global pediatric health · 2021Article
- Article
- The University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences (UZ-CHS) BIRTH COHORT study: rationale, design and methods.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Child HIV Exposure and CMV Seroprevalence in Botswana: No Associations With 24-Month Growth and Neurodevelopment.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Exposure but Not Early Cytomegalovirus Infection Is Associated With Increased Hospitalization and Decreased Memory T-Cell Responses to Tetanus Vaccine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Growth and Neurodevelopment of HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children: a Conceptual Framework.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2019Review
- Human Cytomegalovirus Enhances Placental Susceptibility and Replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1), Which May Facilitate In Utero HIV-1 Transmission.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Article
- The Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Cytomegalovirus Infection on Infant Responses to Vaccines: A Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- The convergent epidemiology of tuberculosis and human cytomegalovirus infection.F1000Research · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveFactors associated with poor health in HIV-exposed-uninfected (HEU) infants are poorly defined. We describe the prevalence and correlates of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viraemia in HEU and HIV-unexposed-uninfected (HUU) infants, and quantify associations with anthropometric, haematological, and immunological outcomes.
designCross-sectional, including HEU and HUU infants from rural coastal Kenya.
methodsInfants aged 2-8 months were studied. The primary outcome was CMV viraemia and viral load, determined by quantitative PCR. Correlates were tested by logistic and linear regression; coefficients were used to describe associations between CMV viraemia and clinical/immunological parameters.
resultsIn total, 42 of 65 (64.6%) infants had CMV viraemia [median viral load, 3.0 (interquartile ranges: 2.7-3.5) log10 IU/ml]. Compared to community controls, HEU infants had six-fold increased odds of being viraemic (adjusted odds ratio 5.95 [95% confidence interval: 1.82-19.36], P = 0.003). Age, but not HEU/HUU status, was a strong correlate of CMV viral load (coefficient = -0.15, P = 0.009). CMV viral load associated negatively with weight-for-age (WAZ) Z-score (coefficient = -1.06, P = 0.008) and head circumference-for-age Z-score (coefficient = -1.47, P = 0.012) and positively with CD8 T-cell coexpression of CD38/human leucocyte antigen DR (coefficient = 15.05, P = 0.003).
conclusionThe odds of having CMV viraemia was six-fold greater in HEU than HUU infants when adjusted for age. CMV viral load was associated with adverse growth and heightened CD8 T-cell immune activation. Longitudinal assessments of the clinical effects of primary CMV infection and associated immunomodulation in early life in HEU and HUU populations are warranted.
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