ArticleMultiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinical
Enhanced disease reduction using clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic agent, and glatiramer acetate combination therapy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Article in Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinical. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Canonical and Non-Canonical Antipsychotics' Dopamine-Related Mechanisms of Present and Next Generation Molecules: A Systematic Review on Translational Highlights for Treatment Response and Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- The role of autophagy in the pathogenesis and treatment of multiple sclerosis.Autophagy reports · 2025Review
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Clozapine: More Than Just a Side Effect in Schizophrenia.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Opportunities for Molecular Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis Management: Linking Probe to Treatment.Radiology · 2022Review
- Nanoformulated Recombinant Human Myelin Basic Protein and Rituximab Modulate Neuronal Perturbations in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice.International journal of nanomedicine · 2022Article
- Dopaminergic Receptors as Neuroimmune Mediators in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Article
- Antipsychotic drugs counteract autophagy and mitophagy in multiple sclerosis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Dopaminergic Receptor Targeting in Multiple Sclerosis: Is There Therapeutic Potential?International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Localisation of clozapine during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and its impact on dopamine and its receptors.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Hormones in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal models.Translational neuroscience · 2021Review
- Clozapine Regulates Microglia and Is Effective in Chronic Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Clinical and laboratory characteristics of clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia referred to a national immunodeficiency clinic reveals a B-cell signature resembling common variable immunodeficiency (CVID).Journal of clinical pathology · 2020Article
- Clozapine reduces infiltration into the CNS by targeting migration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2020Article
- Safety and acceptability of clozapine and risperidone in progressive multiple sclerosis: a phase I, randomised, blinded, placebo-controlled trial.BMJ neurology open · 2020Article
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- Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by clozapine is not associated with defective CD4 T cell responses.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAtypical antipsychotic agents (AAP) alleviate the symptoms of severe mental health disorders, such as schizophrenia, by antagonizing dopamine and serotonin receptors. Recently, AAP have also been shown to exhibit immunomodulatory properties in the central nervous system (CNS).
objectiveBuilding on research which demonstrated the ability of the AAP risperidone and clozapine to modify the disease course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), we aimed to more fully investigate the potential of clozapine as a possible treatment for MS.
resultsWe report that orally administered clozapine significantly reduced the disease severity of EAE in a dose-dependent manner and was effective when administered prophylactically and therapeutically. In comparison to risperidone, quetiapine, and olanzapine, clozapine was the best at reducing disease severity. While clozapine-treated mice had only modest changes to peripheral leukocytes and cytokine responses, these animals had significantly fewer CNS-infiltrating CD4 T cells and myeloid cells. Furthermore, the CNS myeloid cells displayed a less activated phenotype in mice treated with clozapine. Finally, we found that co-administration of clozapine with glatiramer acetate enhanced disease protection compared to either treatment alone.
conclusionThese studies indicate that clozapine is an effective immunomodulatory agent with the potential to treat immune-mediated diseases such as MS.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.