ArticleJournal of Cancer2017
PSA and Prostate Health Index based prostate cancer screening in a hereditary migration complicated population: implications in precision diagnosis.
Article in Journal of Cancer, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Twenty years of age-standardized prostate cancer mortality in Kazakhstan (2005-2024): joinpoint model and geographical hot spot and cold spot analysis.BMC public health · 2026Observational
- Stage-specific and regional trends in prostate cancer incidence in Kazakhstan, 2005-2024.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Clinical Relevance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Prostate Cancer Management.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Hereditary Prostate Cancer: Genes Related, Target Therapy and Prevention.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Epidemiological and Economic Evaluation of a Pilot Prostate Cancer Screening Program.Prostate cancer · 2020Article
- Review
- Habitats in DCE-MRI to Predict Clinically Significant Prostate Cancers.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Precision diagnosis requires specific markers for differential ethnic populations. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) level (threshold of 4ng/ml) has been widely used to screen prostate cancer and as reference of pro-biopsy but false diagnosis frequently occurs. Prostate health Index (PHI) is a new diagnosis marker which combines PSA, free PSA and p2PSA4. Overall the PCa screening database is lacking in Kazakhstani patients. We analyzed the PSA levels and Gleason scores of 222 biopsies collected in 2015 in Almaty area, Kazakhstan approved by institutional ethics board. We found using PSA of 4ng/ml as threshold, only 25.68% of patients have cancer with Gleason score ranged 6-8 and 65.77% of patients have no character of cancer. Moreover, there is no significant correlation between PSA and cancerous (P=0.266) or Gleason grade (P=0.3046) based on pathological biopsy. In addition, PHI is not correlated to prostate cancer (P=0.4301). Our data suggest that false-positive rate is much higher than the correct-positive diagnosis when using PSA as the first screening. Thus in this cohort study, most patients can not get benefit from the PSA screening for precision PCa diagnosis. As Kazakhstani family trees are unique and complicated because of history and migration, the high rate of over diagnosis might be due to the hyperexpression of PSA via heterosis in Eurasian men. Therefore we should be cautious when using pro-biopsy in precision diagnosis for Eurasian prostate cancer patients.
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