ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2017
Microorganisms Associated With Pneumonia in Children <5 Years of Age in Developing and Emerging Countries: The GABRIEL Pneumonia Multicenter, Prospective, Case-Control Study.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
116 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 168 citations in OpenAlex.
- Respiratory syncytial virus positivity among hospital admissions for acute respiratory illness in children younger than 5 years of age in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Respiratory syncytial virus hospitalisation by chronological month of age and by birth month in infants.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Characterising the asynchronous resurgence of common respiratory viruses following the COVID-19 pandemic.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus infection and the risk of wheezing and recurrent wheezing illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2023Pooled it
- Incidence, hospitalization, and mortality in children aged 5 years and younger with respiratory syncytial virus-related diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Pooled it
- Aetiology of childhood pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries in the era of vaccination: a systematic review.Journal of global health · 2022Pooled it
- Global burden of acute lower respiratory infection associated with human parainfluenza virus in children younger than 5 years for 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Global health · 2021Pooled it
- Global burden of acute lower respiratory infection associated with human metapneumovirus in children under 5 years in 2018: a systematic review and modelling study.The Lancet. Global health · 2021Pooled it
- The role of viral co-infections in the severity of acute respiratory infections among children infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV): A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2020Pooled it
- Respiratory syncytial virus in the Western Pacific Region: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2019Pooled it
- The risk of lower respiratory tract infection following influenza virus infection: A systematic and narrative review.Vaccine · 2018Pooled it
- Weekly azithromycin for 48 weeks impacts nasopharyngeal microbial prevalence and Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in children with HIV-associated chronic lung disease.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Safety and Immunogenicity of a ChAd155-Vectored Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine in Infants 6-7 Months of age: A Phase 1/2 Randomized Trial.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Causes of fever in primary care in Southeast Asia and the performance of C-reactive protein in discriminating bacterial from viral pathogens.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2020Trial
- 5C psychological antecedents of vaccine hesitancy toward maternal RSV vaccines and infant monoclonal antibodies among pregnant and postpartum women and their partners in China: A multicenter, dyadic survey design, cross-sectional study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Long-term burden, trends, and inequality of lower respiratory infections attributable toTranslational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Genomic analysis ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Clinical and Etiological Spectrum of Viral Pneumonia in Critically Ill Children: A Retrospective Study.Indian pediatrics · 2026Article
- The prevalence and role of human respiratory syncytial virus in pediatric respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global data.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Analysis of the pathogen spectrum, co-infection characteristics, and risk of severe disease in community-acquired pneumonia among children in Henan province.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
27 authors at 19 institutions in 12 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Pneumonia, the leading infectious cause of child mortality globally, mainly afflicts developing countries. This prospective observational study aimed to assess the microorganisms associated with pneumonia in children aged <5 years in developing and emerging countries. Methods: A multicenter, case-control study by the GABRIEL (Global Approach to Biological Research, Infectious diseases and Epidemics in Low-income countries) network was conducted between 2010 and 2014 in Cambodia, China, Haiti, India (2 sites), Madagascar, Mali, Mongolia, and Paraguay. Cases were hospitalized children with radiologically confirmed pneumonia; controls were children from the same setting without any features suggestive of pneumonia. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from all subjects; 19 viruses and 5 bacteria were identified by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Associations between microorganisms and pneumonia were quantified by calculating the adjusted population attributable fraction (aPAF) after multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for sex, age, time period, other pathogens, and site. Results: Overall, 888 cases and 870 controls were analyzed; ≥1 microorganism was detected in respiratory samples in 93.0% of cases and 74.4% of controls (P < .001). Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, human metapneumovirus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus 1, 3, and 4, and influenza virus A and B were independently associated with pneumonia; aPAF was 42.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 35.5%-48.2%) for S. pneumoniae, 18.2% (95% CI, 17.4%-19.0%) for RSV, and 11.2% (95% CI, 7.5%-14.7%) for rhinovirus. Conclusions: Streptococcus pneumoniae, RSV, and rhinovirus may be the major microorganisms associated with pneumonia infections in children <5 years of age from developing and emerging countries. Increasing S. pneumoniae vaccination coverage may substantially reduce the burden of pneumonia among children in developing countries.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.