Observational studyJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2017
Observational Study of the Effect of Patient Outreach on Return to Care: The Earlier the Better.
Observational study in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Who does tracing work for? Characteristics of clients successfully re-engaged in ART care in sub-Saharan Africa after a tracing intervention: A systematic review.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Results from a retrospective case finding and re-engagement exercise for people previously diagnosed with hepatitis C virus to increase uptake of directly acting antiviral treatment.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Re-engagement and retention in HIV care after preventive default tracking in a cohort of HIV-infected patients in rural Malawi: A mixed-methods study.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Trajectories of re-engagement: factors and mechanisms enabling patient return to HIV care in Zambia.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Article
- Exploring definitions of retention in care for people living with HIV in the United States in the modern treatment era.AIDS (London, England) · 2022Article
- Future directions for HIV service delivery research: Research gaps identified through WHO guideline development.PLoS medicine · 2021Article
- A semiparametric method for the analysis of outcomes during a gap in HIV care under incomplete outcome ascertainment.Statistical communications in infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Article
- Emerging priorities for HIV service delivery.PLoS medicine · 2020Article
- Retention and viral suppression in a cohort of HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy in Zambia: Regionally representative estimates using a multistage-sampling-based approach.PLoS medicine · 2019Article
- Factors Associated with Nonreturn after Loss to Follow-Up from Glaucoma Care: An IRIS® Registry Retrospective Analysis.Ophthalmology. GlaucomaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe burden of HIV remains heaviest in resource-limited settings, where problems of losses to care, silent transfers, gaps in care, and incomplete mortality ascertainment have been recognized.
methodsPatients in care at Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) clinics from 2001-2011 were included in this retrospective observational study. Patients missing an appointment were traced by trained staff; those found alive were counseled to return to care (RTC). Relative hazards of RTC were estimated among those having a true gap: missing a clinic appointment and confirmed as neither dead nor receiving care elsewhere. Sample-based multiple imputation accounted for missing vital status.
resultsAmong 34,522 patients lost to clinic, 15,331 (44.4%) had a true gap per outreach, 2754 (8.0%) were deceased, and 837 (2.4%) had documented transfers. Of 15,600 (45.2%) remaining without active ascertainment, 8762 (56.2%) with later RTC were assumed to have a true gap. Adjusted cause-specific hazard ratios (aHRs) showed early outreach (a ≤8-day window, defined by grid-search approach) had twice the hazard for RTC vs. those without (aHR = 2.06; P < 0.001). HRs for RTC were lower the later the outreach effort after disengagement (aHR = 0.86 per unit increase in time; P < 0.001). Older age, female sex (vs. male), antiretroviral therapy use (vs. none), and HIV status disclosure (vs. none) were also associated with greater likelihood of RTC, and higher enrollment CD4 count with lower likelihood of RTC.
conclusionPatient outreach efforts have a positive impact on patient RTC, regardless of when undertaken, but particularly soon after the patient misses an appointment.
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Registered trials
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