ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2017
Exchange Sex and HIV Infection Among Women Who Inject Drugs-20 US Cities, 2009.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Suboptimal HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Awareness and Willingness to Use Among Women Who Use Drugs in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2019Pooled it
- Mental health and substance use among women frequenting high-risk venues in Haiphong, Vietnam: findings from an adapted PLACE survey.The International journal on drug policy · 2026Article
- Let the girls know, "you can come here": qualitative experiences with harm reduction and health services among women who use drugs in Chicago.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Barriers and facilitators to condom use among People Who Inject Drugs in Georgia: A qualitative study guided by the COM-B model.PloS one · 2026Article
- PrEP Awareness, Interest, and Use among Women Who Inject Drugs in Seattle, Washington: A Mixed Methods Study.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Community-Embedded Low-Barrier Care: A Model for Engaging People With Complex Needs in HIV Treatment and Prevention.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Risk Factors for Infective Endocarditis and Serious Injection Related Infections Among People Who Inject Drugs in Los Angeles, CA and Denver, CO.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Fostering Safety, Support, and Hope: A Qualitative Study of Multistakeholder Perspectives on Designing Health Care Services for Women Who Use Drugs in Seattle, Washington, 2023.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- NEXT: description, rationale, and evaluation of a novel internet-based mail-delivered syringe service program.Journal of substance use · 2024Article
- Factors Associated with Exchange Sex Among Cisgender Persons Who Inject Drugs: Women and MSM-23 U.S. Cities, 2018.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Client Characteristics Associated with Desire for Additional Services at Syringe Exchange Programs.Journal of substance use · 2022Article
- Participants of a mail delivery syringe services program are underserved by other safe sources for sterile injection supplies.The International journal on drug policy · 2022Article
- Exchange Sex Among High School Students-Washington, DC, 2017.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2021Article
- Prevalence and correlates of receptive syringe-sharing among people who inject drugs in rural Appalachia.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2021Observational
- Implementing Respondent-Driven Sampling to Recruit Women Who Exchange Sex in New York City: Factors Associated with Recruitment and Lessons Learned.AIDS and behavior · 2020Article
- Interest in linkage to PrEP among people who inject drugs accessing syringe services; Miami, Florida.PloS one · 2020Article
- Interpersonal and structural factors associated with receptive syringe-sharing among a prospective cohort of female sex workers who inject drugs.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWomen who inject drugs and who also exchange sex are at increased risk for HIV infection, but data on this population in the United States remain sparse.
methodsThis study assessed the prevalence of exchanging sex for money or drugs among women who inject drugs using data from the 2009 US National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) system. Prevalence of being HIV-positive (testing positive in NHBS), HIV-positive-unaware (reporting being HIV-negative or unknown status but testing positive in NHBS), and risk behaviors and use of services were compared between women who did and did not exchange sex. The association between exchange sex and being HIV-positive-unaware of the infection was examined using multivariate Poisson models with robust standard errors.
resultsAmong 2305 women who inject drugs, 39% reported receiving things like money or drugs from ≥1 male partners in exchange for oral, vaginal, or anal sex in the previous 12 months. Women who exchanged sex were more likely to be unemployed, homeless, lack health insurance, have multiple condomless vaginal or anal sex partners, and receptively share syringes. In multivariate analysis, exchange sex was associated with being HIV-positive-unaware (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.97, 95% confidence intervals: 1.31 to 2.97).
conclusionsPrevalence of exchange sex was high in this population. Women who exchange sex were more likely to be socially disadvantaged, report sexual and injection risk, and be HIV-positive-unaware. They represent an important group to reach with HIV prevention, testing, and care services.
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