ReviewInflammatory bowel diseases2017
Dietary Iron and Heme Iron Consumption, Genetic Susceptibility, and Risk of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis.
Review in Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gene-Environment Interactions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review of Human Epidemiologic Studies.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of red meat and processed meat consumption on the risk of development and relapse of ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- The Association between Total Protein, Animal Protein, and Animal Protein Sources with Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Precision nutrition for the prevention and management of inflammatory bowel disease.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Heme iron intake and the risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective analysis of the modifying role of calcium.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Legume Consumption in Relation to Ulcerative Colitis: A Case-Control Study.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2026Article
- The Association of Nutrient Patterns and Risk of Ulcerative Colitis: A Case-Control Study.Crohn's & colitis 360 · 2025Article
- A study of the protective association of hard water on ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease: a cross-sectional and cohort study of 481,468 participants in the UK Biobank.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Impact of diet on inflammatory bowel disease risk: systematic review, meta-analyses and implications for prevention.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- Dietary inflammatory potential, genetic predisposition, and incidence of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Article
- Can Iron Absorption in Molasses Be Increased with Probiotic Additives? "Molasses with Increased Bioavailability".Nutrients · 2025Article
- A Novel Heme-Degrading Enzyme that Regulates Heme and Iron Homeostasis and Promotes Virulence inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Dietary patterns and inflammatory bowel disease: a global assessment of eight nutrients by region, gender, and socioeconomic status.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Role of diet in prevention versus treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.Frontline gastroenterology · 2024Review
- Heme utilization by the enterococci.FEMS microbes · 2024Review
- ACSL4 mediates inflammatory bowel disease and contributes to LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cell dysfunction by activating ferroptosis and inflammation.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2024Article
- Association between food-based dietary inflammatory potential and ulcerative colitis: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- What Should I Eat? Dietary Recommendations for Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Nutrients · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDietary iron and heme, likely through their effect on gut commensal bacteria and colonic barrier function, have been shown to modulate colonic inflammation in animal models of colitis. Nonetheless, the link between dietary total and heme iron and risk of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) has not been previously explored.
methodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of 165,331 U.S. women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II. Dietary information was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline (1984) and updated every 2 to 4 years. Self-reported CD and UC diagnoses were confirmed through medical records review. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals while adjusting for potential confounders. In a case-control study nested within these cohorts, we evaluated the interaction between single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with genome-wide susceptibility to CD and UC and dietary total and heme iron intake on risk of CD and UC using logistic regression modeling.
resultsThrough 2011, over 3,038,049 person-years of follow-up, we documented 261 incident cases of CD and 321 incident cases of UC. Dietary heme iron was nonsignificantly associated with increased risk of UC (Ptrend = 0.12). This association seemed to be modified by the UC susceptibility locus, rs1801274, a coding variant in the FcγRIIA gene (Pinteraction = 7.00E-05). In contrast, there was no association between dietary heme iron and risk of CD (Ptrend = 0.67). We also did not observe an association between total dietary intake of iron and risk of CD or UC (All Ptrend > 0.35).
conclusionIn 2 large prospective cohort studies, dietary total and heme iron were not associated with risk of CD or UC. Our suggestive finding that the association between dietary heme iron intake and risk of UC may be modified by a coding variant in FcγRIIA gene warrants additional investigation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.