ArticleThe botulinum journal2015
Botulism mortality in the USA, 1975-2009.
Article in The botulinum journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Safety and Efficacy of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of NTM-1632, a Novel Mixture of Three Monoclonal Antibodies against Botulinum Toxin B.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2021Trial
- Epidemiology of Foodborne Botulism Outbreaks in Romania, 2007-2024.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Botulism in the Highlands: Understanding the High-Altitude Effect.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Review
- Foodborne Botulism Type F: A Rare Presentation of Neurologic Manifestation and Successful Management.Cureus · 2024Article
- Foodborne Botulism, Canada, 2006-2021Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Review
- Infant Botulism, Israel, 2007-2021.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Review
- Article
- Foodborne botulism: A brief review of cases transmitted by cheese products (Review).Biomedical reports · 2022Review
- Use of Crystallography and Molecular Modeling for the Inhibition of the Botulinum Neurotoxin A Protease.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2021Article
- A summary of surveillance, morbidity and microbiology of laboratory-confirmed cases of infant botulism in Canada, 1979-2019.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2021Article
- Irreversible inhibition of BoNT/A protease: proximity-driven reactivity contingent upon a bifunctional approach.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2021Article
- A Case Report of Wound Botulism - Rare Disease on the Rise with the Opioid Crisis.Hawai'i journal of health & social welfare · 2021Article
- Dysphagia Alone as a Unique Presentation of Wound Botulism in the Emergency Department: A Case Report.Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine · 2020Article
- Review
- Substrate cleavage and duration of action of botulinum neurotoxin type FA ("H, HA").Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology · 2018Article
- Botulinum Neurotoxin Detection Methods for Public Health Response and Surveillance.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2018Review
- Safety and Improved Clinical Outcomes in Patients Treated With New Equine-Derived Heptavalent Botulinum Antitoxin.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Botulism had mortality rates >60% before the 1950s. We reviewed confirmed botulism cases in the USA during 1975-2009 including infant, foodborne, wound, and other/unknown acquisition categories, and calculated mortality ratios. We created a multivariate logistic regression model for non-infant cases (foodborne, wound, and other/unknown). Overall mortality was 3.0% with 109 botulism-related deaths among 3,618 botulism cases [18 (<1%) deaths among 2,352 infant botulism cases, 61 (7.1%) deaths among 854 foodborne botulism cases, 18 (5.0%) deaths among 359 wound botulism cases, and 12 (22.6%) deaths among 53 other/unknown botulism cases]. Mortality among all cases increased with age; it was lowest among infants (0.8%) and highest among persons ≥80 years old (34.4%). Toxin type F had higher mortality (13.8%) than types A, B, or E (range, 1.4% to 4.1%). Efforts to reduce botulism mortality should target non-infant transmission categories and older adults.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.