Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28601812›Full record

Observational studyHeart (British Cardiac Society)2017

Cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes morbidity and all-cause mortality among diverse chronic inflammatory disorders.

Alex Dregan, Phil Chowienczyk, Mariam Molokhia

Open access · hybridAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Heart (British Cardiac Society), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
7.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.

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  14. A practical guide to the management of dyslipidaemia.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Alex DreganDepartment of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Phil ChowienczykBritish Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
Mariam MolokhiaDepartment of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
National Institute for Health Research · GBBritish Heart Foundation · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council MC_QA137853
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe present study aimed to assess the relationship between inflammatory disorders with cardiometabolic diseases and mortality within a community-based population.

methodsThe UK Biobank data were used to conduct two investigations: a cross-sectional study to estimate cardiometabolic risk and a prospective cohort study to estimate mortality risk. Binary regression analyses were used to model the association between coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, venous thromboembolism and peripheral artery disease diagnoses with seven inflammatory disorders (eg, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis (AS), systemic vasculitis, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC)). Cox proportional hazards was used to estimate all-cause and cardiovascular-related mortality.

resultsAbout 4% (n=19, 082) of the study population (n=5 02 641) were diagnosed with a chronic inflammatory disorder. The most common inflammatory disorder was psoriasis (n=6286), and the least common was SLE (n=654). SLE showed the strongest association with multiple (relative risk (RR) 6.36, 95% CI 4.37 to 9.25) risk of cardiometabolic diseases, followed by the RA (RR 1.70, 95% CI 1.59 to 1.83), UC (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.51 to 1.89), AS (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.52), vasculitis (RR 1.64, 95% CI 1.42-1.90) and psoriasis (RR 1.25, 95% 1.16 to 1.35) disorders. The magnitude of the association was higher among participants prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroids drugs, with multiple cardiometabolic risk being greater within SLE (RR 12.35, 95% CI 7.18 to 21.24), followed by UC (RR 3.81, 95% CI 2.69 to 5.38), Crohn's disease (RR 3.07, 95% CI 1.85 to 5.11), RA (RR 3.06, 95% CI 2.44 to 3.85), psoriasis (RR 2.36, 95% CI 1.88 to 2.95), AS (RR 2.25, 95% CI 1.48 to 3.41) and vasculitis (RR 1.89, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.79). Similar pattern was observed with respect to the cumulative cardiometabolic risk.

conclusionInflammatory disorders are associated with heightened risk of cardiometabolic events, which may vary by anti-inflammatory therapy and duration. All-cause mortality was also higher among specific inflammatory disorders compared with the absence of inflammatory disorders.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdrenal Cortex HormonesAdultAgedAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalBiological Specimen BanksCardiovascular DiseasesCause of DeathChronic DiseaseCross-Sectional StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleHumansInflammationMaleMiddle AgedAdrenal Cortex HormonesAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalCardiac risk factors and preventionCoronary artery diseaseDiabetesStrokeSystemic inflammatory diseases

Identifiers

PMID28601812
PMCPMC5749371
OpenAlexW2623903934

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.