ArticleBMJ open2017
Social epidemiology of hypertension in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM): cross-sectional study of determinants of prevalence, awareness, treatment and control among South African adults.
Article in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Nigeria in 1995 and 2020: A systematic analysis of current evidence.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2021Pooled it
- Active smoking among people with diabetes mellitus or hypertension in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2019Pooled it
- Risk factors of hypertension in South Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis to inform the development of a clinical prediction model.Health SA = SA Gesondheid · 2026Article
- Prevalence and associations of hypertension detection, treatment and control in Cape Town.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Blood Pressure Trends, Demographic Data, Workload, and Lifestyle Factors Among Nurses in the Subcarpathian Region of Poland: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Observational
- Prevalence of dyslipidaemia within Polish nurses. Cross-sectional study - single and multiple linear regression models and ROC analysis.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with suboptimal blood pressure among ambulatory patients with diabetic kidney disease attending a tertiary hospital in Uganda.African health sciences · 2023Article
- Risk Factors Attributable to Hypertension among HIV-Infected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Selected Rural Districts of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Undiagnosed Hypertension in a Workplace: The Case of a Logistics Company in Gauteng, South Africa.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Metformin and Sulphonylureas' Glycaemic Response among South African Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
- Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Associated Risk Factors in a Rural Black Population of Mthatha Town, South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Increased prevalence of hypertension in Ghana: New 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Hypertension Association hypertension guidelines application.Journal of global health · 2020Article
- Clinical care & blood pressure control among hypertensive people living with human immune deficiency virus: Prospective cohort study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2020Article
- Hypertension and Its Associated Factors Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Debre Tabor General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2020Article
- Article
- Quality indicators for clinical care of patients with hypertension: scoping review protocol.BMJ open · 2019Article
- Article
- Predictors of hypertension awareness, treatment and control in South Africa: results from the WHO-SAGE population survey (Wave 2).Journal of human hypertension · 2019Article
- Prevalence, awareness, control and determinants of hypertension among primary health care professional nurses in Eastern Cape, South Africa.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2018Article
- Optimal waist circumference cut-off points for predicting metabolic syndrome among low-income black South African adults.BMC research notes · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study examined hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control and their determinants among adults attending health facilities in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) in the Eastern Cape.
designA cross-sectional analytical study. SETTINGS: The three largest outpatient clinics in BCMM.
participantsAmbulatory adults (aged 18 years and over) attending the study settings during the study period (n=998). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: The prevalence of hypertension (systolic blood pressure (BP) of ≥140 mm Hg and/or a diastolic BP of ≥90 mm Hg or current medication for hypertension), the awareness of it (prior diagnosis of it) and its treatment and control (Eighth Joint National Committee Criteria of BP <140/90/90 mm Hg). SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURE: Associated factors of hypertension, hypertension unawareness and uncontrolled hypertension.
resultsOf the 998 participants included, the prevalence of hypertension was 49.2%. Hypertension unawareness was reported by 152 participants (23.1%) with significant gender difference (p=0.005). Male sex, age <45 years, higher level of education, single status, current employment, higher monthly income, current smoking, alcohol usage, absence of diabetes and non-obese were significantly associated (p<0.05) with hypertension unawareness.Of the participants who were aware of having hypertension (n=339), nearly all (91.7%, n=311) were on antihypertensive medication and only 121 participants (38.9%) achieved the BP treatment target. In the multivariate logistic regression model analysis, ageing (95% CI 1.9 to 4.4), being married (95% CI 1.0 to 2.0), male sex (95% CI 1.2 to 2.3), concomitant diabetes (95% CI 1.9 to 3.9), lower monthly income (95% CI 1.2 to 2.2), being unemployed (95% CI 1.0 to 1.9) and central obesity (95% CI 1.5 to 2.8) were the significant and independent determinants of prevalent hypertension.
conclusionThe prevalence and awareness of hypertension was high in the study population. In addition, the suboptimal control of BP among treated individuals, as well as the significant cardiovascular risk factors, warrant the attention of health authorities of BCMM and the country.
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