ArticleBMC pharmacology & toxicology2017
Pain sensitivity and analgesic use among 10,486 adults: the Tromsø study.
Article in BMC pharmacology & toxicology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nociception-guided opioid administration within multimodal analgesia for laparoscopic endometriosis surgery: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2026Trial
- Savor the flavor: A randomized double-blind study assessing taste-enhanced placebo analgesia in healthy volunteers.Clinical and translational science · 2022Trial
- Effects of Preoperative Electroacupuncture on Remifentanil-Induced Post-Infusion Hyperalgesia in Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of pain research · 2022Trial
- Psychophysical predictors of experimental muscle pain intensity following fatiguing calf exercise.PloS one · 2021Trial
- Article
- Exploratory analysis of pharmacist involvement in motivational interviewing intervention for patients with prescription opioid misuse behaviors.JAPhA practice innovations · 2026Article
- Sex, gender, and sociodemographic factors associated with repeated prescription refills in chronic pain: insights from a prescription claims cohort study.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the relationship between pain and autonomic outflow during a cold pressor test.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Painful considerations in exercise-management for rotator cuff related shoulder pain: a scoping review on pain-related prescription parameters.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Efficacy of High-Volume Low-Concentration Intraperitoneal Bupivacaine Irrigation for Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Bupivacaine Irrigation for Analgesia.Anesthesiology research and practice · 2024Article
- Factors Associated With Poor Patient-Reported Outcomes in Isolated Gastrocnemius Recession for Heel Pain.Foot & ankle orthopaedics · 2023Article
- PACAP-PAC1 receptor inhibition is effective in opioid induced hyperalgesia and medication overuse headache models.iScience · 2023Article
- Opioid Analgesics and Persistent Pain After an Acute Pain Emergency Department Visit: Evidence from a Cohort of Suspected Urolithiasis Patients.The Journal of emergency medicine · 2021Article
- The patterns and burden of multimorbidity in geriatric patients with prolonged use of addictive medications.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2021Article
- Association of Gender, Painkiller Use, and Experienced Pain with Pain-Related Fear and Anxiety among University Students According to the Fear of Pain Questionnaire-9.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Mechanisms, diagnosis, prevention and management of perioperative opioid-induced hyperalgesia.Pain management · 2021Article
- Health-related quality of life in hospitalized older patients with versus without prolonged use of opioid analgesics, benzodiazepines, and z-hypnotics: a cross-sectional study.BMC geriatrics · 2020Article
- Article
- Neuropsychological functions of verbal recall and psychomotor speed significantly affect pain tolerance.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2019Article
- Pharmacological Strategies for Decreasing Opioid Therapy and Management of Side Effects from Chronic Use.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIncreased pain sensitivity is a putative risk factor for chronic pain and consequently for analgesic use. Conversely, analgesic use may be a cause of increased pain sensitivity, e.g., through opioid-induced hyperalgesia. We aimed to study the association between pain sensitivity and analgesic use in a general population, and to test the hypothesis that increased baseline pain sensitivity is a risk factor for future persistent analgesic use.
methodsThe Tromsø Study (2007-08), a population-based health study, was linked with eight years of prescription data from the Norwegian Prescription Database. The cold pressor test was completed in 10,486 participants aged 30+ years, and we used cold pressor endurance time as a proxy measure of pain sensitivity. Cross-sectional associations with different measures of analgesic use were assessed. Furthermore, a cohort of 9,657 persons was followed for 4.5 years.
resultsIn the cross-sectional analysis, increased pain sensitivity was associated with analgesic use; regular users of opioids alone were more pain sensitive than regular users of non-opioid analgesics. Increased baseline pain sensitivity was a risk factor for persistent analgesic use, i.e., using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, paracetamol, or opioids for ≥ 90 days and proportion-of-days-covered ≥ 40% (HR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.06-1.40), although not statistical significant after confounder adjustment.
conclusionsIncreased pain sensitivity was associated with analgesic use in general, and reduced pain tolerance was found for both opioid and non-opioid analgesic users. The data suggest that hyperalgesia is an effect of analgesics, whereas pain tolerance has little impact on future analgesic use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.