Trial reportNutrients2017
Cognitive Performance Enhancement Induced by Caffeine, Carbohydrate and Guarana Mouth Rinsing during Submaximal Exercise.
Trial report in Nutrients, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Revisiting the evidence on caffeine mouth rinse: effects on exercise and cognitive performance: a meta-analytic review.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Fed, not fasted: is carbohydrate mouth rinsing still ergogenic? A three-level meta-analysis.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of plant active substances on cognitive function in healthy older adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Comment on Hack et al. Effect of Guarana (Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of Guarana (Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of carbohydrate, caffeine, and combined mouth rinses on physiological and perceptual responses during high-intensity interval exercise following a pre-exercise meal: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover trial.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Are caffeine effects equivalent between different modes of administration: the acute effects of 3 mg.kgJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2024Trial
- Repeated mouth rinsing of coffee improves the specific-endurance performance and jump performance of young male futsal players.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2023Trial
- Cognitive effects of guarana supplementation with maximal intensity cycling.The British journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Acute Effect of Caffeine-Based Multi-Ingredient Supplement on Reactive Agility and Jump Height in Recreational Handball Players.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Sub-Chronic Consumption of Dark Chocolate Enhances Cognitive Function and Releases Nerve Growth Factors: A Parallel-Group Randomized Trial.Nutrients · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Article
- Central effects of mouth rinses on endurance and strength performance.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Review
- International society of sports nutrition position stand: energy drinks and energy shots.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2023Review
- The impact of nutrition on visual cognitive performance in the nutrition, vision, and cognition in sport study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Review
- Carbohydrate mouth rinsing does not affect 6-min walk test performance and blood glucose responses in older adults.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of serial mouth rinsing (MR) with nutritional supplements on cognitive performance (i.e., cognitive control and time perception) during a 40-min submaximal exercise. Twenty-four participants completed 4 counterbalanced experimental sessions, during which they performed MR with either placebo (PL), carbohydrate (CHO: 1.6 g/25 mL), guarana complex (GUAc: 0.4 g/25 mL) or caffeine (CAF: 67 mg/25 mL) before and twice during exercise. The present study provided some important new insights regarding the specific changes in cognitive performance induced by nutritional supplements. The main results were: (1) CHO, CAF and GUA MR likely led participants to improve temporal performance; (2) CAF MR likely improved cognitive control; and (3) CHO MR led to a likely decrease in subjective perception of effort at the end of the exercise compared to PL, GUA and CAF. Moreover, results have shown that performing 40-min submaximal exercise enhances information processing in terms of both speed and accuracy, improves temporal performance and does not alter cognitive control. The present study opens up new perspectives regarding the use of MR to optimize cognitive performance during physical exercise.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.