ArticleMaternal & child nutrition2018
Timing of solid food introduction and association with later childhood overweight and obesity: The IDEFICS study.
Article in Maternal & child nutrition, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Baby-Led Weaning: What Role Does It Play in Obesity Risk during the First Years? A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Complementary Feeding in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Las Dos Cosas Versus Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Culturally and Linguistically Exploratory Intervention Study in Hispanic Mothers Living in Kentucky.Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & PractitionersTrial
- Examining Relationships Between Multiple Adverse Social Determinants of Health, Maternal Depressive Symptoms, Timing of Solid Food Introduction, and Breastfeeding Duration Among Black or African American Women.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2026Article
- Longitudinal prediction of BMI using explainable AI: integrating polygenic scores, maternal, early-life and familial factors.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Observational
- Contribution of clinical factors and gut microbiota composition to weight loss in a pre-post dietary intervention pilot study in male children with obesity.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
- The Association Between the Early Introduction of Solid Food and Childhood Obesity Risk: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Socio-cultural factors shaping complementary feeding initiation: a contextual analysis of maternal education, employment, and family support.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Development and pilot testing of a comprehensive and culturally-sensitive infant feeding descriptive questionnaire: a cross-sectional design.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Offspring's exposome: a narrative review on the influence of early-life factors on childhood obesity risk.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- The neighborhood food environment modifies the association between infant feeding and childhood obesity.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Effect of postpartum depression and role of infant feeding practices on relative weight of child at 1 and 3 years of age.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Diet and Lipid-Lowering Nutraceuticals in Pediatric Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Complementary feeding in infants born preterm: Aspects needing improvement.JPGN reports · 2024Article
- Refining the Choosing Health Infant feeding for Infant Health intervention and implementation strategy: Re-CHErIsH Study Protocol.HRB open research · 2024Article
- Children's behaviour and childhood obesity.Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism · 2024Review
- Skeptical Look at the Clinical Implication of Metabolic Syndrome in Childhood Obesity.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Lactose-reduced infant formula with corn syrup solids and obesity risk among participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Article
- The Determinants of Complementary Feeding Introduction Vary According to the Type of Food and Infants' Ages: A Cohort Study-ClaB, Brazil.Maternal and child health journal · 2022Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
This study investigated associations between timing of solid food introduction and childhood obesity and explored maternal characteristics influencing early feeding practices. Cross-sectional data from children 2-9 years (n = 10,808; 50.5% boys) residing in 8 European countries of the IDEFICS study (2007-2008) were included. Late solid food introduction (≥7 months of age) was associated with an increased prevalence of later childhood overweight/obesity among exclusively breastfed children (OR [odds ratio]: 1.38, 95% CI [confidence interval] [1.01, 1.88]). In contrast, early solid food introduction (<4 months of age) was associated with lower prevalence of overweight/obesity among children that ceased exclusive breastfeeding earlier than 4 months (OR: 0.63, 95% CI [0.47, 0.84]). Children that were introduced to solids right after 6 months exclusive breastfeeding and continued to receive breastmilk (≥12 months) were less likely to become overweight/obese (OR: 0.67, 95% CI [0.51, 0.88]) compared to children that discontinued to receive breastmilk. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, country, birth weight, parental education level, parental body mass index, tobacco use in pregnancy, gestational weight gain, and gestational diabetes. Underweight mothers, overweight mothers, mothers who reported daily smoking during pregnancy, and low-educated mothers were less likely to follow recommendations on breastfeeding and timely solids introduction. Future studies should examine whether guidelines for solid food introduction timing have to distinguish between exclusively breastfed, formula fed, and too early exclusive breastfeeding-ceased infants. There is also need for more prospective studies; recall bias was an important current limitation. In conclusion, health professionals should emphasize benefits of breastfeeding and appropriate solid food introduction, especially to mothers that are less likely to follow recommendations.
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