ReviewThe EMBO journal2017
Molecular definitions of autophagy and related processes.
Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
In one paragraph
Review in The EMBO journal, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 979 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
979citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
106.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
979 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,585 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exosomes as Cellular Communicators and Therapeutic Agents in Orthopedic Diseases: From Mechanisms to Intervention.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Pooled it
- Comprehensive analysis of regulated cell death pathways: intrinsic disorder, protein-protein interactions, and cross-pathway communication.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Pooled it
- Is environmental enrichment effective in modulating autophagy markers in the brain exposed to adverse conditions? A systematic review.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Emerging mechanisms of ATG8-independent non-canonical autophagy.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2026Review
- Beclin1 Regulates Sertoli Cell Function to Maintain Mouse Spermatogenesis.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Article
- LC3 forms functional nanoclusters on autophagosomes.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Hypoxic Exercise Alleviates Diabetic Skeletal Myopathy in Zebrafish in Association with Hif1a/Foxo3a Signaling and Mitochondrial Quality Control.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Local translation of endosome-associated lc3b mRNA in axons contributes to endosomal clearance.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Potato purple top phytoplasma infection induces autophagy-associated lipid dynamics that support pathogen proliferation.Plant physiology · 2026Article
- Glucocorticoids Impair the Airway Epithelial Barrier via Autophagy-Associated Apoptosis in Asthma: A Preliminary Study Both In Vitro and In Vivo.Pediatric discovery · 2026Article
- A deep learning and large language hybrid workflow for omics interpretation.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Review
- Mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum interactions in lung diseases.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- Emerging role of copper in the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Redox-modulation of regulated cell death: implications for synergistic anticancer therapies.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Residual cardiovascular risk in coronary artery disease: from pathophysiology to established and novel therapies.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Review
- Article
- Autophagic flux blockade under hypocapnia reveals CO2-sensitive regulation of autophagy-lysosome homeostasis.Biology open · 2026Article
- From lipid overload to autophagy collapse: how lipid dysregulation drives chronic inflammation and metabolic disease.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
919 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
54 authors at 20 institutions in 19 countries.
Lorenzo GalluzziDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA deadoc@vodafone.it.ORCID 0000-0003-2257-8500
Eric H BaehreckeDepartment of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
Andrea BallabioTelethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1381-4604
Patricia BoyaDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3045-951X
José Manuel Bravo-San PedroUniversité Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.
Francesco CecconiDepartment of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Augustine M ChoiDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
Charleen T ChuDepartment of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Patrice CodognoUniversité Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.
Maria Isabel ColomboLaboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM)-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina.
Ana Maria CuervoDepartment of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0771-700X
Jayanta DebnathDepartment of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Vojo DereticDepartment of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3624-5208
Ivan DikicInstitute of Biochemistry II, School of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8156-9511
Eeva-Liisa EskelinenDepartment of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Gian Maria FimiaNational Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Simone FuldaInstitute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.
David A GewirtzDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Douglas R GreenDepartment of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
Malene HansenSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
J Wade HarperDepartment of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Marja JäätteläCell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-5950-7111
Terje JohansenMolecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-1451-9578
Gabor JuhaszDepartment of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0001-8548-8874
Alec C KimmelmanDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Claudine KraftMax F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-3324-4701
Nicholas T KtistakisSignalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
Sharad KumarCentre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Beth LevineCenter for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1460-1638
Carlos Lopez-OtinDepartment de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
Frank MadeoInstitute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Sascha MartensMax F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0003-3786-8199
Jennifer MartinezImmunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Alicia MelendezDepartment of Biology, Queens College, Queens, NY, USA.
Noboru MizushimaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-6258-6444
Christian MünzViral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Leon O MurphyNovartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Josef M PenningerInstitute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria.
Mauro PiacentiniDepartment of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Fulvio ReggioriDepartment of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-2652-2686
David C RubinszteinDepartment of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Kevin M RyanCancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
Laura SantambrogioDepartment of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Luca ScorranoDepartment of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8515-8928
Anna Katharina SimonKennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Hans-Uwe SimonInstitute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Anne SimonsenDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Nektarios TavernarakisInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-5253-1466
Sharon A ToozeMolecular Cell Biology of Autophagy Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
Tamotsu YoshimoriDepartment of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-9787-3788
Junying YuanDepartment of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Zhenyu YueDepartment of Neurology, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Qing ZhongCenter for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6979-955X
Guido KroemerUniversité Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.
Délégation Paris 5 · FRAlbert Einstein College of Medicine · USGoethe University Frankfurt · DEHarvard University · USUniversity of Rome Tor Vergata · ITUniversity of Vienna · ATAllen Institute for Brain Science · USBabraham Institute · GBBaylor College of Medicine · USCancer Research UK Scotland Institute · GBCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas · ESConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · ARCornell University · USDanish Cancer Society · DKEötvös Loránd University · HUHoward Hughes Medical Institute · USInstitute of Molecular Biotechnology · ATNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences · USNovartis (United States) · USNYU Langone Health · US
Funding
Role of Autophagy in T Cell Function and Immunosenescence (Project 3)P01AG031782 · NIA · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, INC · PI CUERVO, ANA MARIA · 2009 to 2024
$36.2MUnfolded Protein Response and Autophagy in T Helper Cell Effector FunctionP20GM121176 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH SCIS CTR · PI Monica Rosas Lemus · 2017 to 2026
$24.9MRespiratory Computational Discovery CoreP01HL114501 · NHLBI · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI CHOI, MARY E · 2013 to 2025
$24.9MSpecial Animal CoreP30DK041296 · NIDDK · YESHIVA UNIVERSITY · PI GUPTA, SANJEEV · 1989 to 2018
$22.9MEinstein's Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in Basic Biology of AgingP30AG038072 · NIA · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, INC · PI HUFFMAN, DEREK MAJOR · 2010 to 2024
$10.8MCharacterization of the molecular mechanisms of LC3-associated phagocytosis and its role in disease pathogenesisZIAES103286 · NIEHS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES · PI MARTINEZ, JENNIFER · 2015 to 2021
$9.2MNon-canonical functions of autophagy proteinsR01AI040646 · NIAID · ST. JUDE CHILDREN'S RESEARCH HOSPITAL · PI GREEN, DOUGLAS R. · 1997 to 2023
$8.6MRegulation of the Autophagy Process in Organismal AgingR01AG038664 · NIA · SANFORD BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE · PI Malene Hansen · 2011 to 2026
$6.4MPattern Recognition Receptors and Autophagy in Mtb Control in AIDSR37AI042999 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH SCIS CTR · PI VOJO P DERETIC · 2018 to 2026
$4.7MDYNAMICS AND TUNING OF THE MHC II PRESENTED PEPTIDOMER01AI137198 · NIAID · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI SANTAMBROGIO, LAURA, STERN, LAWRENCE J. · 2018 to 2022
$4.6MDecreased Protein Degradation in AgingR37AG021904 · NIA · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, INC · PI CUERVO, ANA MARIA · 2013 to 2022
$4.4MEffects of Glycation and Carbonylation on MHC II-restricted immunityR01AI146180 · NIAID · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI SANTAMBROGIO, LAURA, STERN, LAWRENCE J. · 2020 to 2024
$3.7MAustrian Science Fund FWF W 1261Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/H000631/1Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/K019155/1Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BBS/E/B/000C0413Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BBS/E/B/000C0417Cancer Research UK 15816Cancer Research UK 22903NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL114501NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI040646NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI137198NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI146180NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI042999NIA NIH HHS P01 AG031782NIA NIH HHS P30 AG038072NIA NIH HHS R01 AG038664NIA NIH HHS R01 AG045223NIA NIH HHS R37 AG021904NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG054108NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK041296NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM121176NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM116908NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM117466NIGMS NIH HHS R15 GM102846
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the molecular machinery that underlies autophagic responses has been characterized with ever increasing precision in multiple model organisms. Moreover, it has become clear that autophagy and autophagy-related processes have profound implications for human pathophysiology. However, considerable confusion persists about the use of appropriate terms to indicate specific types of autophagy and some components of the autophagy machinery, which may have detrimental effects on the expansion of the field. Driven by the overt recognition of such a potential obstacle, a panel of leading experts in the field attempts here to define several autophagy-related terms based on specific biochemical features. The ultimate objective of this collaborative exchange is to formulate recommendations that facilitate the dissemination of knowledge within and outside the field of autophagy research.
Indexed as
AutophagyTerminology as TopicAnimalsCaenorhabditis elegansDrosophila melanogasterGene Regulatory NetworksMiceSaccharomyces cerevisiaechaperone‐mediated autophagyLC3‐associated phagocytosismicroautophagymitophagyxenophagy
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.