ArticleBMC research notes2017
Prevalence and risk factors of poor immune recovery among adult HIV patients attending care and treatment centre in northwestern Tanzania following the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy: a retrospective study.
Article in BMC research notes, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Evaluation of the effects of Artemisia Annua L. and Moringa Oleifera Lam. on CD4 count and viral load among PLWH on ART at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.AIDS research and therapy · 2024Trial
- How to properly define immunological nonresponse to antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV? an integrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Predicting the immunological nonresponse to antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV: a machine learning-based multicenter large-scale study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Investigating the Determinants of Mortality before CD4 Count Recovery in a Cohort of Patients Initiated on Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa Using a Fine and Gray Competing Risks Model.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Clinical outcomes and risk factors for immune recovery and all-cause mortality in Latin Americans living with HIV with virological success: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
- Fertility desire and associated factors among antiretroviral therapy users in South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.SAGE open medicine · 2024Article
- Incomplete Immune Reconstitution and Traditional Chinese Medicine in Patients with HIV/AIDS: Challenges and Perspectives.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Review
- Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes Among Individuals on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.AIDS research and treatment · 2024Article
- The spectrum of opportunistic infections and malignancies among women on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Prevalence of and prognosis for poor immunological recovery by virally suppressed and aged HIV-infected patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Clinical Biomarkers Related to CD4 Recovery in HIV-Infected Patients-5-Year Observation.Viruses · 2022Article
- Clinical factors and outcomes associated with immune non-response among virally suppressed adults with HIV from Africa and the United States.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Association of Substance Use with Immunological Response to Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Positive Patients from Southwest Ethiopia: A Prospective Observational Study.International journal of general medicine · 2022Article
- Predictors of attrition among adults in a rural HIV clinic in southern Mozambique: 18-year retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- STING and cGAS gene expressions were downregulated among HIV-1-infected persons after antiretroviral therapy.Virology journal · 2021Article
- Observational
- Article
- Incomplete immune reconstitution in HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy: Challenges of immunological non-responders.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2020Review
- CD4 testing after initiation of antiretroviral therapy: Analysis of routine data from the South African HIV programme.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHighly Active Antiretroviral therapy (HAART) reverses the effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) by durably suppressing viral replication. This allows CD4 gain to levels that are adequate enough to restore the body's capability to fight against opportunistic infections (OIs). Patients with poor immune recovery have been shown to have higher risk of developing both AIDS and non AIDS related clinical events. This study aimed at assessing the proportions and risk factors of poor immune recovery in adult HIV-infected patients on 48 months of HAART attending care and treatment center (CTC) in northwestern Tanzania.
methodsA retrospective analysis of adult HIV patients' data attending CTC at Sekou Toure hospital and who initiated HAART between February 2004 and January 2008 was done. Poor immune recovery was defined as a CD4 count less than 350 cells/µl on follow up as used in other studies.
resultsA total of 734 patients were included in the study. In this study 50.25% of patients attending CTC at Sekou Toure hospital were found to have poor immune recovery. The risk of developing inadequate immune recovery was independently associated with male gender, age older than 50 years, low baseline CD4 counts, and advanced World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stage.
conclusionsPoor immune recovery is prevalent among adult HIV patients attending CTC at Sekou Toure hospital in Northwestern part of Tanzania and opportunistic infections are common in this sub group of patients. Clinicians in resource limited countries need to identify these patients timely and plan them for targeted viral assessment and close clinical follow up to improve their long term clinical outcome.
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