ArticleThe American journal of psychiatry2017
The Protective Effect of Pregnancy on Risk for Drug Abuse: A Population, Co-Relative, Co-Spouse, and Within-Individual Analysis.
Article in The American journal of psychiatry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Elephant in the Room: A Systematic Review of the Application and Effects of Psychological Treatments for Pregnant Women with Dual Pathology (Mental Health and Substance-Related Disorders).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- A Web-Based Intervention for Reducing Sexually Transmitted Infections and Substance Use During Pregnancy: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Trial
- Evaluation of an e-health integrated intervention for pregnant women with co-occurring mental health and substance use symptoms: an exploratory randomized clinical trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Trial
- Abstinence outcomes among women in reproductive health centers administered clinician or electronic brief interventions.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2020Trial
- The protective effect of pregnancy on risk for suicide attempt in a Swedish national cohort.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Maternal psychiatric disorders before, during, and after pregnancy: a national cohort study in Sweden.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Impact of a Registry-Based Environmental Risk Score on Episodes of Alcohol Use Disorder and Drug Use Disorder in Swedish National Samples.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2026Article
- Talking to Your Patients About Alcohol, Marijuana, and Substance Use During Pregnancy.The primary care companion for CNS disorders · 2025Article
- Article
- Factors associated with medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) treatment success during the pregnancy and postpartum periods: A scoping review.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Associations between childbirth, gang exposure and substance use among young women in Cape Town, South Africa.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2024Article
- Unique influences of pregnancy and anticipated parenting on cigarette smoking: results and implications of a within-person, between-pregnancy study.Archives of women's mental health · 2024Article
- Sex/Gender Differences in the Time-Course for the Development of Substance Use Disorder: A Focus on the Telescoping Effect.Pharmacological reviews · 2023Review
- Marijuana use, fetal growth, and uterine artery Dopplers.The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians · 2022Article
- Within-person decline in pregnancy smoking is observable prior to pregnancy awareness: Evidence across two independent observational cohorts.Addiction biology · 2022Observational
- Are empathic processes mechanisms of pregnancy's protective effect on smoking? Identification of a novel target for preventive intervention.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Article
- Nurturing families: One year pilot outcomes for a modified Parent Child Assistance Program in Australia.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Screening for Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders in Obstetric Settings.Current psychiatry reports · 2020Review
- Alcohol, smoking, and other substance use in the perinatal period.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2020Article
- Parenting stress: A novel mechanism of addiction vulnerability.Neurobiology of stress · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe authors sought to determine whether pregnancy is an intrinsic motivator for cessation of drug abuse.
methodThe authors conducted prospective cohort, co-relative, co-spouse, and within-person analyses of registration for drug abuse during pregnancy among Swedish women born between 1980 and 1990 who gave birth between ages 20 and 35 (N=149,512). Drug abuse was assessed from medical, criminal, and pharmacy registries.
resultsIn the population, rates of drug abuse were lower during pregnancy (unadjusted odds ratio=0.67, 95% CI=0.60, 0.74). Compared with population results, the negative association between pregnancy and drug abuse was moderately stronger in cousins (odds ratio=0.49, 95% CI=0.39, 0.62) and substantially stronger in siblings (odds ratio=0.35, 95% CI=0.24, 0.51) discordant for pregnancy. The estimated odds ratio for drug abuse in pregnancy-discordant monozygotic twins was even stronger, at 0.17 (95% CI=0.10, 0.31). Within individuals, the odds ratio for drug abuse while pregnant compared with an equivalent prepregnancy interval was similar to that seen in pregnancy-discordant monozygotic twins, at 0.22 (95% CI=0.19, 0.26). Compared with cohabiting fathers, mothers had a greater reduction in risk for drug abuse during pregnancy (odds ratio=0.40, 95% CI=0.34, 0.47). Pregnancy was more protective in women with low parental education and without a cohabiting, actively drug-abusing father. Compared with prepregnancy baseline, within-individual analyses indicate that risk for drug abuse is also substantially reduced in the postpartum period, for example, the odds ratio for postpartum days 0-242 was 0.13 (95% CI=0.11, 0.16).
conclusionsRisk for drug abuse in women is substantially reduced during pregnancy. Multiple analyses suggest that this association is largely causal, suggesting that pregnancy is indeed a strong intrinsic motivator for drug abuse cessation. Similar strong protective effects may be present in the immediate postpartum period. Our results have implications for our etiologic models of drug abuse and especially for contingency management programs seeking to reduce drug abuse risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.