ArticlePloS one2017
Estimating an area-level socioeconomic status index and its association with colonoscopy screening adherence.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of neighborhood socioeconomic indices studied across the cancer control continuum.Cancer medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Neighborhood-level deprivation measures in the United States: a scoping review and reference guide for investigators.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Assessing residential neighborhood exposomes and their associations with cancer incidence: rationale, study design, and methods.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Enhanced spatial analysis assessing the association between PFAS-contaminated water and cancer incidence: rationale, study design, and methods.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- The Association Between a Neighborhood Adverse Childhood Experiences Index and Body Mass Index Among New York City Youth.Childhood obesity (Print) · 2024Article
- The development of the Community Deprivation Index and its application to accountable care organizations.Health affairs scholar · 2024Article
- Neighborhood Disadvantage and Prostate Tumor Aggressiveness among African American and European American Men.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- The effect of childhood family adversity on adulthood depression among Chinese older migrant workers: gender differences in the mediating role of social-ecological systems.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Neighborhood Disadvantage and Prostate Tumor RNA Expression of Stress-Related Genes.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Individual and Neighborhood Level Predictors of Children's Exposure to Residential Greenspace.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Article
- Individual-based socioeconomic vulnerability and deprivation indices: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Deciphering the Neighborhood Atlas Area Deprivation Index: the consequences of not standardizing.Health affairs scholar · 2023Article
- Modeling historic neighborhood deprivation and non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk.Environmental research · 2023Article
- The Use of Area-Level Socioeconomic Indices in Evaluating Cancer Care Delivery: A Scoping Review.Annals of surgical oncology · 2023Article
- US State Policy Contexts and Population Health.The Milbank quarterly · 2023Article
- Neighborhood Deprivation, Indoor Chemical Concentrations, and Spatial Risk for Childhood Leukemia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Tobacco Retail Outlets, Neighborhood Deprivation and the Risk of Prenatal Smoke Exposure.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Neighborhood Deprivation is Associated with Increased Risk of Prenatal Smoke Exposure.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2022Article
- The Intersection of Neighborhood Environment and Adverse Childhood Experiences: Methods for Creation of a Neighborhood ACEs Index.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic status index is an independent determinant of breast cancer screening practices: Evidence from Eastern China.PloS one · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) is often considered a risk factor for health outcomes. SES is typically measured using individual variables of educational attainment, income, housing, and employment variables or a composite of these variables. Approaches to building the composite variable include using equal weights for each variable or estimating the weights with principal components analysis or factor analysis. However, these methods do not consider the relationship between the outcome and the SES variables when constructing the index. In this project, we used weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression to estimate an area-level SES index and its effect in a model of colonoscopy screening adherence in the Minnesota-Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area. We considered several specifications of the SES index including using different spatial scales (e.g., census block group-level, tract-level) for the SES variables. We found a significant positive association (odds ratio = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.15-1.19) between the SES index and colonoscopy adherence in the best fitting model. The model with the best goodness-of-fit included a multi-scale SES index with 10 variables at the block group-level and one at the tract-level, with home ownership, race, and income among the most important variables. Contrary to previous index construction, our results were not consistent with an assumption of equal importance of variables in the SES index when explaining colonoscopy screening adherence. Our approach is applicable in any study where an SES index is considered as a variable in a regression model and the weights for the SES variables are not known in advance.
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