ArticlePloS one2017
Toll-like receptor mediated activation is possibly involved in immunoregulating properties of cow's milk hydrolysates.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Cheese Whey to Functional Ingredients: Upcycling Whey Proteins for Cardiovascular and Immunomodulatory Health-Evidence Mapping and Perspectives from Portugal.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory Properties of Sweet Whey-Derived Peptides in THP-1 Macrophages.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effects of Chicken Egg Powder, Bovine Colostrum, and Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disorders.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Intricate Crosstalk Between Food Allergens, Phages, Bacteria, and Eukaryotic Host Cells of the Gut-skin Axis.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2024Article
- Exopolysaccharide β-(2,6)-levan-type fructans have a molecular-weight-dependent modulatory effect on Toll-like receptor signalling.Food & function · 2024Article
- Hypoxia-Driven Changes in a Human Intestinal Organoid Model and the Protective Effects of Hydrolyzed Whey.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Intestinal factors promoting the development of RORγtFrontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Whey protein hydrolysate mitigates both inflammation and endotoxin tolerance in THP-1 human monocytic leukemia cells.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Article
- Bioactive compounds, nutritional profile and health benefits of colostrum: a review.Food production, processing and nutrition · 2022Review
- Attenuation of Doxorubicin-Induced Small Intestinal Mucositis by Pectins is Dependent on Pectin's Methyl-Ester Number and Distribution.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2021Article
- Two in One: Use of Divalent Manganese Ions as Both Cross-Linking and MRI Contrast Agent for Intrathecal Injection of Hydrogel-Embedded Stem Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Bovine Colostrum: Its Constituents and Uses.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Strategies and Future Opportunities for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Cow Milk Allergy.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Milk fermented withCurrent research in food science · 2020Article
- Ovalbumin-Derived Peptides Activate Retinoic Acid Signalling Pathways and Induce Regulatory Responses Through Toll-Like Receptor Interactions.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Article
- Cow's Milk Allergy: Immunomodulation by Dietary Intervention.Nutrients · 2019Review
- Identification of a TLR2 Inhibiting Wheat Hydrolysate.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2018Article
- Immunomodulatory Protein Hydrolysates and Their Application.Nutrients · 2018Review
- Green AlgaMarine drugs · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunomodulating proteins and peptides are formed during the hydrolysis of cow's milk proteins. These proteins are potential ingredients in functional foods used for the management of a range of immune related problems, both in infants and adults. However, the mechanism behind these effects is unknown. We hypothesize that the interaction of peptides with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can induce immune effects, since these receptors are known to sample many dietary molecules in the intestine in order to regulate immune effects. To investigate this, we compared the immune effects and TLR activation and inhibition by whey and casein hydrolysates with different hydrolysis levels. We first measured cytokine production in primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with either whey, casein, or their hydrolysates. IL-10 and TNFα were induced by whey hydrolysates (decreasing with increasing hydrolysis level), but not by casein hydrolysates. Next, the activation of TLR 2, 3, 5 and 9 receptors were observed by intact and mildly hydrolysed whey proteins only and not by casein hydrolysates in TLR reporter cell lines. Many casein hydrolysates inhibited TLR signaling (mainly TLR 5 and 9). These results demonstrate that the effects of cow's milk proteins on the immune system are protein type and hydrolysis dependent. TLR signaling is suggested as a possible mechanism for differences in effect. This knowledge contributes to a better understanding of the immune effects of hydrolysates and the design of infant formula, and nutrition in general, with specific immunoregulatory effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.