Observational studyAmerican journal of respiratory and critical care medicine2017
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. A Longitudinal Study.
Observational study in American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03314467 (Role of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in the Occurrence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes.), which is not on this map. Cited by 53 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Role of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in the Occurrence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and the risk of diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Multidimensional sleep health and diabetic retinopathy: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Sleep medicine reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Validation of the STOP questionnaire as a screening tool for OSA among different populations: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Sleep apnea and eye diseases: evidence of association and potential pathogenic mechanisms.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2022Pooled it
- The impact of obstructive sleep apnea treatment on microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: a feasibility randomized controlled trial.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Trial
- Continuous positive airway pressure effect on visual acuity in patients with type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnoea: a multicentre randomised controlled trial.The European respiratory journal · 2018Trial
- Bidirectional association between obstructive sleep apnea and diabetic retinopathy: a severity-stratified systematic review and meta-analysis with GRADE assessment.Acta diabetologica · 2026Review
- Article
- Association between visual impairment and sleep quality: A cross-sectional, comparative study of severity, eye conditions, and risk factors.Eye (London, England) · 2026Observational
- Impact of Positive Airway Pressure and Mask Leakage on Dry Eye and Glaucoma Risk in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Causal relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and diabetic nephropathy: bidirectional and multivariable Mendelian randomization study.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Associations between sleep patterns and diabetic retinopathy: insights from cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Neuro-Ophthalmological Disorders Associated with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Bridging the Gap: The Role of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy in Diabetic Retinopathy Associated With Obstructive Sleep Apnea-A Perspective.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Diabetic Retinopathy Progression and Systemic Complications.American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Prevalence and impact of obstructive sleep apnea in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A descriptive cross-sectional study.Medical journal, Armed Forces India · 2024Article
- Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on prognosis of patients with cardiometabolic multimorbidity.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- Obstructive sleep apnea: Overlooked comorbidity in patients with diabetes.World journal of diabetes · 2024Review
- Diabetic Disease of the Eye in Canada: Consensus Statements from a Retina Specialist Working Group.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Article
- No bidirectional relationship between sleep phenotypes and risk of proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with several pathophysiological deficits found in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Hence, it's plausible that OSA could play a role in the pathogenesis of sight-threatening DR (STDR).
objectivesTo assess the relationship between OSA and DR in patients with type 2 diabetes and to assess whether OSA is associated with its progression.
methodsA longitudinal study was conducted in diabetes clinics within two U.K. hospitals. Patients known to have any respiratory disorder (including OSA) were excluded. DR was assessed using two-field 45-degree retinal images for each eye. OSA was assessed using a home-based multichannel cardiorespiratory device. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsA total of 230 patients were included. STDR and OSA prevalence rates were 36.1% and 63.9%, respectively. STDR prevalence was higher in patients with OSA than in those without OSA (42.9% vs. 24.1%; P = 0.004). After adjustment for confounders, OSA remained independently associated with STDR (odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-4.9; P = 0.04). After a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 43.0 (37.0-51.0) months, patients with OSA were more likely than patients without OSA to develop preproliferative/proliferative DR (18.4% vs. 6.1%; P = 0.02). After adjustment for confounders, OSA remained an independent predictor of progression to preproliferative/proliferative DR (odds ratio, 5.2; 95% CI confidence interval, 1.2-23.0; P = 0.03). Patients who received continuous positive airway pressure treatment were significantly less likely to develop preproliferative/proliferative DR.
conclusionsOSA is associated with STDR in patients with type 2 diabetes. OSA is an independent predictor for the progression to preproliferative/proliferative DR. Continuous positive airway pressure treatment was associated with reduction in preproliferative/proliferative DR. Interventional studies are needed to assess the impact of OSA treatment on STDR.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.