Observational studyBMJ open2017
Bacterial meningitis in Finland, 1995-2014: a population-based observational study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in bacterial meningitis and associations with socioeconomic indicators: a systematic review and meta-analysis with metaregression.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- Global Case Fatality of Bacterial Meningitis During an 80-Year Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- Invasive Meningococcal Disease on the Workplaces: a systematic review.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2017Pooled it
- Sex-based differences in the response to dexamethasone in bacterial meningitis: Analysis of the European dexamethasone in adulthood bacterial meningitis study.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Trial
- Nationwide Trends in Hospitalizations and Clinical Outcomes for Meningitis and Encephalitis: A 10-year Swiss Population-based Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults in Denmark (2015-2023): a prospective, nationwide, population-based cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Trends in invasive and non-invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease in adults hospitalised in Bristol and Bath: a retrospective cohort study, 2006-2022.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Community-acquired bacterial meningitis in Southern Sweden 2013-2023: a population-based study of incidence, aetiology and diagnostic yield.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Meningitis Cumulative Incidence in Iran, 2011-2022.Iranian journal of public health · 2025Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of bacterial meningitis in hospitalized children in China: a 6-year nationwide retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Factors Associated with In-Hospital Mortality in Adult Patients with Bacterial Meningitis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Etiology, Clinical Presentation, and Outcomes of Bacterial Meningitis in Adult Patients: A Retrospective Study in Lithuania (2018-2021).Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Article
- Cerebrovascular complications in patients with community-acquired bacterial meningitis: occurrence and associated factors in the COMBAT multicenter prospective cohort.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Bacterial meningitis in adults: a retrospective study among 148 patients in an 8-year period in a university hospital, Finland.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Sex and Gender Differences in Bacterial Infections.Infection and immunity · 2022Review
- Possible role of low dose dexamethasone administration in listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis: A case series.Biomedical reports · 2022Article
- Bacterial meningitis: Aetiology, risk factors, disease trends and severe sequelae during 50 years in Sweden.Journal of internal medicine · 2022Observational
- Invasive meningococcal disease in older adults in North America and Europe: is this the time for action? A review of the literature.BMC public health · 2022Review
- Long Term Impact of Conjugate Vaccines onMicroorganisms · 2021Review
- Synthesis and delivery ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesBacterial meningitis remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Its epidemiological characteristics, however, are changing due to new vaccines and secular trends. Conjugate vaccines against
methodsA case was defined as isolation of
resultsDuring 1995-2014,
conclusionsSubstantial decreases in bacterial meningitis were associated with infant conjugate vaccination against pneumococcal meningitis and secular trend in meningococcal meningitis in the absence of vaccination programme. Ongoing epidemiological surveillance is needed to identify trends, evaluate serotype distribution, assess vaccine impact and develop future vaccination strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.