Trial reportJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2017
The role of virtual reality in improving motor performance as revealed by EEG: a randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02971371 (The Role of Mirror Neuron System in Improving Motor Performance by Using Virtual Reality, as Revealed by EEG), which is not on this map. Cited by 109 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Role of Mirror Neuron System in Improving Motor Performance by Using Virtual Reality, as Revealed by EEG: a Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Post-stroke lower limb rehabilitation: a comparative study between exoskeleton robots and traditional gait training.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- Neuroplasticity Mechanism of Stroke Rehabilitation Training System Based on Virtual Reality: A Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Remapping Body Representation Using Virtual Reality in Chronic Neuropathic Pain: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of digital-based interventions on muscular strength in adults: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials with quality of evidence assessment.Annals of medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Examining the effectiveness of virtual, augmented, and mixed reality (VAMR) therapy for upper limb recovery and activities of daily living in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2022Pooled it
- Brain activity during real-time walking and with walking interventions after stroke: a systematic review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2021Pooled it
- What the Tech? The Management of Neurological Dysfunction Through the Use of Digital Technology.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Pooled it
- Pragmatic Solutions for Stroke Recovery and Improved Quality of Life in Low- and Middle-Income Countries-A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- The Effects of Virtual Reality Training on Function in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.BioMed research international · 2019Pooled it
- The Activation of the Mirror Neuron System during Action Observation and Action Execution with Mirror Visual Feedback in Stroke: A Systematic Review.Neural plasticity · 2018Pooled it
- The role of virtual reality-based cognitive training in enhancing motivation and cognitive functions in individuals with chronic stroke.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- 360° immersive virtual reality-based mirror therapy for upper extremity function and satisfaction among stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2024Trial
- Efficacy of the use of video games on mood, anxiety and depression in stroke patients: preliminary findings of a randomised controlled trial.Journal of neurology · 2024Trial
- Characterizing the Effects of Adding Virtual and Augmented Reality in Robot-Assisted Training.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2024Trial
- Use of Virtual Reality and Videogames in the Physiotherapy Treatment of Stroke Patients: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Off the shelf: Investigating transfer of learning using commercially available virtual reality equipment.PloS one · 2023Trial
- Trial
- The Effect of Virtual Reality on Motor Anticipation and Hand Function in Patients with Subacute Stroke: A Randomized Trial on Movement-Related Potential.Neural plasticity · 2022Trial
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMany studies have demonstrated the usefulness of repetitive task practice by using robotic-assisted gait training (RAGT) devices, including Lokomat, for the treatment of lower limb paresis. Virtual reality (VR) has proved to be a valuable tool to improve neurorehabilitation training. The aim of our pilot randomized clinical trial was to understand the neurophysiological basis of motor function recovery induced by the association between RAGT (by using Lokomat device) and VR (an animated avatar in a 2D VR) by studying electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations.
methodsTwenty-four patients suffering from a first unilateral ischemic stroke in the chronic phase were randomized into two groups. One group performed 40 sessions of Lokomat with VR (RAGT + VR), whereas the other group underwent Lokomat without VR (RAGT-VR). The outcomes (clinical, kinematic, and EEG) were measured before and after the robotic intervention.
resultsAs compared to the RAGT-VR group, all the patients of the RAGT + VR group improved in the Rivermead Mobility Index and Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment. Moreover, they showed stronger event-related spectral perturbations in the high-γ and β bands and larger fronto-central cortical activations in the affected hemisphere.
conclusionsThe robotic-based rehabilitation combined with VR in patients with chronic hemiparesis induced an improvement in gait and balance. EEG data suggest that the use of VR may entrain several brain areas (probably encompassing the mirror neuron system) involved in motor planning and learning, thus leading to an enhanced motor performance.
trial registrationRetrospectively registered in Clinical Trials on 21-11-2016, n. NCT02971371 .
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.