ArticlePloS one2017
Male suicide rates in German prisons and the role of citizenship.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for suicide in prisons: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Public health · 2021Pooled it
- [Health of adolescents in juvenile detention-research evidence and insights into healthcare practice].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2025Article
- Risk factors of suicide in prisons: a comprehensive retrospective cohort study in France, 2017-2020.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Article
- Suicidal ideation, attempt and associated factors among prisoners in Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Suicide risk in male incarcerated individuals in Spain: clinical, criminological and prison-related correlates.BMC psychology · 2023Article
- Article
- Retrospective analysis of 172 cases of custodial deaths in China between 1999 and 2016: forensic experience in China.International journal of legal medicine · 2020Article
- Suicide in Older Prisoners in Germany.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Article
- Upregulation of HBV transcription by sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide at the postentry step is inhibited by the entry inhibitor Myrcludex B.Emerging microbes & infections · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposePrisoners are at a particularly high risk of suicide. In contrast to other psychosocial risk factors it remains unclear to what degree the risk of suicide differs between prisoners with local citizenship and foreigners. In order to provide more detailed information for suicide prevention in prisons, this study aims to compare suicide rates (SR) between these populations in German criminal custody.
methodsBased on a German national database of completed suicide in custody, suicides by prisoners were analysed and compared with epidemiological data of the prison population and the general population, stratified for German and foreign citizenship. Data analysis was adjusted for differences in the age distribution of both populations by calculating standard mortality ratios (SMR) for suicide.
resultsSR were higher in prisoners with German citizenship than those with foreign citizenship (SR = 76.5 vs. SR = 42.8, P<0.01). This association was not specific to the prison population, as the higher SR in citizens compared to non-citizens (SR = 19.3 vs. SR = 9.0, P<0.01) were also found in the general population. The association between prison suicide and citizenship was comparable in juvenile and adult prisoners, indicating its relevance to both the juvenile and adult detention systems.
conclusionImprisonment is associated with a substantially increased risk of suicide in both German and non-German citizens, a finding which needs to be taken into consideration by the justice system. The lower suicide risk in non-German citizens is independent of whether or not they are in custody.
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