ArticleJournal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine2017
Cigarette Smoking among Women Who Are Homeless or Unstably Housed: Examining the Role of Food Insecurity.
Article in Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Food insecurity and elevated nicotine exposure among U.S. tobacco users: Evidence from NHANES.Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Article
- Association of food insecurity with the use of tobacco products and urine cotinine-measured smoking intensity: evidence from a population-based study in South Korea, 2019-2021.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Exploring the perspectives and experiences of food-insecure adults who are also tobacco dependent: a qualitative study in North East England.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Distinct patterns of cigarette smoking intensity and other substance use among women who experience housing instability.Addictive behaviors · 2024Article
- Longitudinal experience of food insecurity & cigarette use in the early COVID-19 Pandemic, United States.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Assessing the Feasibility of Conducting Smoking Cessation Outreach in Food Pantries: A Pilot Intervention Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Social Risk and Smoking Among Women Smokers Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Mental Health.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2023Article
- Determinants of cigarette smoking and smoking frequency among women of reproductive age in Nigeria: evidence from a nationwide cross-sectional survey.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2023Article
- Impact of smoking cessation on household food security.Annals of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Food insecurity is associated with an unhealthy lifestyle score in middle- and older-aged adults: findings from the EPIPorto cohort.Food security · 2023Article
- Financial Insecurity and Food Insecurity among U.S. Children with Secondhand and Thirdhand Smoke Exposure.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Association Between the Use of Tobacco Products and Food Insecurity Among South Korean Adults.International journal of public health · 2022Article
- Relationship between food insecurity and smoking status among women living with and at risk for HIV in the USA: a cohort study.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Household Food Security and Infant Adiposity.Pediatrics · 2020Article
- Sociodemographic factors associated with food insecurity: data from the 2003-2014 New South Wales Population Health Survey.Public health nutrition · 2020Article
- Association of Problematic Alcohol Use and Food Insecurity among Homeless Men and Women.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Capturing habitualness of drinking and smoking behavior in humans.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- The Intersection of Food Insecurity and Tobacco Use: A Scoping Review.Health promotion practice · 2020Article
- Changes in Food Insecurity and Smoking Status over Time: Analysis of the 2003 and 2015 Panel Study of Income Dynamics.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Smoking prevalence remains high among individuals who are homeless, partly due to stressors related to homelessness. Beyond housing insecurity, homelessness involves financial stresses and unmet subsistence needs. In particular, food insecurity contributes to negative health outcomes and other health risks. This study examined associations between food insecurity severity and smoking among homeless and marginally housed women in San Francisco, California. We used data from 247 women from a longitudinal cohort study. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate longitudinal associations between study factors and smoking based on data from five biannual assessment points between 2009 and 2012. The longitudinal adjusted odds of smoking were higher among severely food insecure individuals compared to those who were not food insecure (AOR = 1.68, 95% CI [1.02, 2.78]), while associations with other study factors, including demographics, time, HIV status, mental health, and substance use (except marijuana use), did not reach levels of significance. Similar adjusted longitudinal results were observed when food insecurity was the dependent variable and smoking an independent variable, suggesting the possibility of a bidirectional association. Considering unmet needs, such as food and hunger, may improve comprehensive smoking cessation strategies targeting individuals for whom mainstream tobacco control efforts have not been effective. Similarly, offering improved access to smoking cessation resources should be considered in efforts to address food insecurity among individuals experiencing homelessness.
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Registered trials
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