ArticleAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2017
Effects of fumarates on inflammatory human astrocyte responses and oligodendrocyte differentiation.
Article in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- MicroRNA Expression Profiles as Biomarkers of Response to Disease-Modifying Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Fumarate and Its Esters: Physiology, Pathology, Molecular Mechanisms, Diseases, and Therapy.MedComm · 2026Review
- A Niacin-α-Lipoic Acid Hybrid Ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease Pathology in Mouse Models.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- Dimethyl Fumarate, But Not Rituximab, Reduces Serum GFAP Levels and PIRMA in Relapsing-Remitting MS.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- The glutathione-dependent neuroprotective activity of the blood-CSF barrier is inducible through the Nrf2 signaling pathway during postnatal development.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Dimethyl Fumarate, Monomethyl Fumarate, and Cannabidiol in Neurons and Microglia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Neuroimmunological Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Central nervous system demyelinating diseases: glial cells at the hub of pathology.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- MicroRNAs as a possible biomarker in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2022Review
- Antioxidant Therapy in Cancer: Rationale and Progress.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The role of glial cells in multiple sclerosis disease progression.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2022Review
- Drug library screen identifies inhibitors of toxic astrogliosis.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2022Article
- Diroximel Fumarate as a Novel Oral Immunomodulating Therapy for Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review on the Emerging Data.Drug design, development and therapy · 2022Review
- Astrocytes and Inflammatory T Helper Cells: A Dangerous Liaison in Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Reviewing the Significance of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Multiple Sclerosis Pathology and Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Calming the (Cytokine) Storm: Dimethyl Fumarate as a Therapeutic Candidate for COVID-19.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Review
- Molecular Effects of FDA-Approved Multiple Sclerosis Drugs on Glial Cells and Neurons of the Central Nervous System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Neuroprotection and immunomodulation by dimethyl fumarate and a heterologous fibrin biopolymer after ventral root avulsion and reimplantation.The journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Reprogrammed astrocytes display higher neurogenic competence, migration ability and cell death resistance than reprogrammed fibroblasts.Translational neurodegeneration · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveDimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a fumaric acid ester approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). In both the brain and periphery, DMF and its metabolite monomethyl fumarate (MMF) exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Our aim was to compare the effects of DMF and MMF on inflammatory and antioxidant pathways within astrocytes, a critical supporting glial cell in the central nervous system (CNS). Direct effects of fumarates on neural progenitor cell (NPC) differentiation toward the oligodendrocyte lineage were also assessed.
methodsPrimary astrocyte cultures were derived from both murine and human brains. Following pretreatment with MMF, DMF, or vehicle, astrocytes were stimulated with IL-1
resultsIn both murine and human astrocytes, DMF, but not MMF, significantly reduced secretion of IL-6, CXCL10, and CCL2; neither fumarate promoted a robust increase in antioxidant gene expression, although both MMF and DMF prevented intracellular ROS production. Pretreatment with fumarates reduced microRNAs -146a and -155 upon stimulation. In NPC cultures, DMF increased the number of O4
interpretationThese results suggest that DMF, and to a lesser extent MMF, mediates the anti-inflammatory effects within astrocytes. This is supported by recent observations that in the inflamed CNS, DMF may be the active compound mediating the anti-inflammatory effects independent from altered antioxidant gene expression.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.