ArticleBMJ global health2017
Healthcare use and expenditure for diabetes in Bangladesh.
Article in BMJ global health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Non-adherence to self-care and associated factors among diabetes adult population in Ethiopian: A systemic review with meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Faith-Based Lifestyle Intervention for Diabetes Prevention Among Adults in Bangladesh: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Community groups or mobile phone messaging to prevent and control type 2 diabetes and intermediate hyperglycaemia in Bangladesh (DMagic): a cluster-randomised controlled trial.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2019Trial
- Assessment of Level of Awareness for Management and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Among Patients in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Cost of diabetes and hypertension care among patients in rural Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Cost of cardiovascular disease events in patients with and without type 2 diabetes and factors influencing cost: a retrospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Out-of-pocket expenditure among patients with diabetes in Bangladesh: A nation-wide population-based study.Health policy OPEN · 2023Article
- Financial burden of seeking diabetes mellitus care in India: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Sample Survey.Health care science · 2023Article
- Impact of Lockdown Measures on Health Outcomes of Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Bangladesh.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Smartphone Apps for Diabetes Medication Adherence: Systematic Review.JMIR diabetes · 2022Review
- Machine learning models for prediction of co-occurrence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2022Article
- The availability of essential medicines for diabetes at health facilities in Bangladesh: evidence from 2014 and 2017 national surveys.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Psychometric validation of diabetes distress scale in Bangladeshi population.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic disparities in diabetes prevalence and management among the adult population in Bangladesh.PloS one · 2022Article
- Factors Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Bangladesh.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- A negative association between prevalence of diabetes and urban residential area greenness detected in nationwide assessment of urban Bangladesh.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Cardiovascular diseases risk prediction in patients with diabetes: Posthoc analysis from a matched case-control study in Bangladesh.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2021Article
- Barriers and Facilitators for Physical Activity in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiabetes imposes a huge social and economic impact on nations. However, information on the costs of treating and managing diabetes in developing countries is limited. The aim of this study was to estimate healthcare use and expenditure for diabetes in Bangladesh.
methodsWe conducted a matched case-control study between January and July 2014 among 591 adults with diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DMs) and 591 age-matched, sex-matched and residence-matched persons without diabetes mellitus (non-DMs). We recruited DMs from consecutive patients and non-DMs from accompanying persons in the Bangladesh Institute of Health Science (BIHS) hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We estimated the impact of diabetes on healthcare use and expenditure by calculating ratios and differences between DMs and non-DMs for all expenses related to healthcare use and tested for statistical difference using Student's t-tests.
resultsDMs had two times more days of inpatient treatment, 1.3 times more outpatient visits, and 9.7 times more medications than non-DMs (all p<0.005). The total annual per capita expenditure on medical care was 6.1 times higher for DMs than non-DMs (US$635 vs US$104, respectively). Among DMs, 9.8% reported not taking any antidiabetic medications, 46.4% took metformin, 38.7% sulfonylurea, 40.8% insulin, 38.7% any antihypertensive medication, and 14.2% took anti-lipids over the preceding 3 months.
conclusionsDiabetes significantly increases healthcare use and expenditure and is likely to impose a huge economic burden on the healthcare systems in Bangladesh. The study highlights the importance of prevention and optimum management of diabetes in Bangladesh and other developing countries, to gain a strong economic incentive through implementing multisectoral approach and cost-effective prevention strategies.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.