ReviewFrontiers in immunology2017
Specific Antibody Deficiency: Controversies in Diagnosis and Management.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Memory B Cells and Antibody Responses to Vaccines in Infected Children (MARVIC) With Recurrent Infections: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Observational
- Humoral Immune Variability in Twin Sisters With SKIV2L-Associated Trichohepatoenteric Syndrome.Cureus · 2026Article
- InvasiveDiseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Immunogenicity of PCV13 during Hospitalization soon after infection resolution: Vaccis study.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Article
- Case Report: MECP2 and SH3KBP1 variants associated with autism spectrum disorder and immune dysregulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of a Multiplex Electrochemiluminescence Assay for Detection of Anti-Pneumococcal Antibodies in the Diagnosis of Selective Polysaccharide Antibody Deficiency.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Diagnosis, Characteristics, and Outcome of Selective Anti-polysaccharide Antibody Deficiencies In A Retrospective Cohort of 55 Adult Patients.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Observational
- Children with recurrent infections: perspective of immunoglobulin G subclasses deficiency and impaired specific antibody responses.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Review
- Clinical and immunological features of specific antibody deficiency in a pediatric hospital in ColombiaBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2024Article
- Monogenic Inborn Errors of Immunity with impaired IgG response to polysaccharide antigens but normal IgG levels and normal IgG response to protein antigens.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
- Article
- Pathogenic DDOST Variant Is Associated with Humoral Immune Deficiency.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Intravenous immunoglobulin and the current risk of moderate and severe anaphylactic events, a cohort study.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Observational
- Sex differences in antibody responses to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2021Article
- Robust Antibody and T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Patients with Antibody Deficiency.Journal of clinical immunology · 2021Article
- Infection Phenotypes Among Patients with Primary Antibody Deficiency Mined from a US Patient Registry.Journal of clinical immunology · 2021Article
- Diagnostic Vaccination in Clinical Practice.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- B Cell Disorders in Children: Part II.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2020Review
- Defining Polysaccharide Antibody Deficiency: Measurement of Anti-Pneumococcal Antibodies and Anti-Salmonella typhi Antibodies in a Cohort of Patients with Recurrent Infections.Journal of clinical immunology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Specific antibody deficiency (SAD) is a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by normal immunoglobulins (Igs), IgA, IgM, total IgG, and IgG subclass levels, but with recurrent infection and diminished antibody responses to polysaccharide antigens following vaccination. There is a lack of consensus regarding the diagnosis and treatment of SAD, and its clinical significance is not well understood. Here, we discuss current evidence and challenges regarding the diagnosis and treatment of SAD. SAD is normally diagnosed by determining protective titers in response to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. However, the definition of an adequate response to immunization remains controversial, including the magnitude of response and number of pneumococcal serotypes needed to determine a normal response. Confounding these issues, anti-polysaccharide antibody responses are age- and probably serotype dependent. Therapeutic strategies and options for patients with SAD are often based on clinical experience due to the lack of focused studies and absence of a robust case definition. The mainstay of therapy for patients with SAD is antibiotic prophylaxis. However, there is no consensus regarding the frequency and severity of infections warranting antibiotic prophylaxis and no standardized regimens and no studies of efficacy. Published expert guidelines and opinions have recommended IgG therapy, which are supported by observations from retrospective studies, although definitive data are lacking. In summary, there is currently a lack of evidence regarding the efficacy of therapeutic strategies for patients with SAD. We believe that it is best to approach each patient as an individual and progress through diagnostic and therapeutic interventions together with existing practice guidelines.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.