ArticleInternational journal of health geographics2017
Intersection of neighborhood dynamics and socioeconomic status in small-area walkability: the Heart Healthy Hoods project.
Article in International journal of health geographics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Socioeconomic inequalities in exposure to neighbourhood environments for physical activity: a systematic review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Pooled it
- Urban health inequality in shifting environment: systematic review on the impact of gentrification on residents' health.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Does a walking intervention work equally in low and high walkable areas? A large-scale incentive program in Japan.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Article
- Environmental moderators of neighbourhood socioeconomic inequalities in mental health: a systematic review protocol.Systematic reviews · 2026Article
- Area-level socioeconomic status and children's body weight: examining the role of unhealthy food environments.Nutrition journal · 2026Article
- The associations between midlife neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and late-life cognitive trajectories: The mediating roles of hemoglobin A1c and blood pressure.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Economic and Productive Comparison of Rutin and Rutin-Loaded Chitosan Alginate Nanoparticles Against Lead-Induced Oxidative Stress in Cobb and Arbor Broiler Breeds.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Status and Prescription Fill Patterns Among Patients With Heart Failure.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Article
- How Can We Measure Alcohol Outlet Density Around Schools? A Comparison Between Two Buffer-Based Methods.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2023Article
- Food availability and affordability in a Mediterranean urban context: associations by store type and area-level socio-economic status.Public health nutrition · 2023Article
- Gender Matters: Identity, Risk Perception and Preventive Interventions for Alcohol Consumption among Adolescents Using a Qualitative Approach.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Accessibility and availability of alcohol outlets around schools: An ecological study in the city of Madrid, Spain, according to socioeconomic area-level.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Does a physical activity supportive environment ameliorate or exacerbate socioeconomic inequities in incident coronary heart disease?Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2021Article
- Breaking Down and Building Up: Gentrification, Its drivers, and Urban Health Inequality.Current environmental health reports · 2021Review
- Density of Green Spaces and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the City of Madrid: The Heart Healthy Hoods Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- The socio-spatial distribution of walkable environments in urban scotland: A case study from Glasgow and Edinburgh.SSM - population health · 2019Article
- Assessing the Retail Food Environment in Madrid: An Evaluation of Administrative Data against Ground Truthing.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Comfort and Time-Based Walkability Index Design: A GIS-Based Proposal.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies found a complex relationship between area-level socioeconomic status (SES) and walkability. These studies did not include neighborhood dynamics. Our aim was to study the association between area-level SES and walkability in the city of Madrid (Spain) evaluating the potential effect modification of neighborhood dynamics.
methodsAll census sections of the city of Madrid (n = 2415) were included. Area-level SES was measured using a composite index of 7 indicators in 4 domains (education, wealth, occupation and living conditions). Two neighborhood dynamics factors were computed: gentrification, proxied by change in education levels in the previous 10 years, and neighborhood age, proxied by median year of construction of housing units in the area. Walkability was measured using a composite index of 4 indicators (Residential Density, Population Density, Retail Destinations and Street Connectivity). We modeled the association using linear mixed models with random intercepts.
resultsArea-level SES and walkability were inversely and significantly associated. Areas with lower SES showed the highest walkability. This pattern did not hold for areas with an increase in education level, where the association was flat (no decrease in walkability with higher SES). Moreover, the association was attenuated in newly built areas: the association was stronger in areas built before 1975, weaker in areas built between 1975 and 1990 and flat in areas built from 1990 on.
conclusionAreas with higher neighborhood socioeconomic status had lower walkability in Madrid. This disadvantage in walkability was not present in recently built or gentrified areas.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.