Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28587367›Full record

ArticleExperimental and therapeutic medicine2017

Seasonal trends in the prevalence of hypospadias: Aetiological implications.

C Mamoulakis, G Avgenakis, C Gkatzoudi, G Duyker, I E Zisis, I Heretis, S Antypas, N Sofikitis, D A Spandidos, A M Tsatsakis and 1 more

Open access · diamondAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

C MamoulakisDepartment of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion 71003, Greece.
G AvgenakisDepartment of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion 71003, Greece.
C GkatzoudiClinic of Social and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece.
G DuykerClinic of Social and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece.
I E ZisisDepartment of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion 71003, Greece.
I HeretisDepartment of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion 71003, Greece.
S AntypasFirst Pediatric Surgery Clinic, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece.
N SofikitisDepartment of Urology, University of Ioannina, Medical School, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
D A SpandidosLaboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece.
A M TsatsakisDepartment of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece.
A TzonouDepartment of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece.
University of Crete · GRUniversity Hospital of Heraklion · GRChildren's Hospital Agia Sophia · GRNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens · GRUniversity of Ioannina · GR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine the seasonality of hypospadias in Greece in an attempt to elucidate the aetiology. All boys born between 1991-1998, who underwent hypospadias repair at 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens (n=542) were analysed. All Greek live-born males during the same period (population at risk; m=421,175) served as the controls. Seasonality by month of birth was evaluated with specific statistical tools. Meteorological parameters were also analysed. All tests yielded significant results, suggesting a simple harmonic prevalence pattern (highest/lowest: autumn, peak in October/spring, trough in April). Therefore, the first trimester of hypospadiac gestations coincides more frequently with winter. Meteorological parameters varied seasonally (maximal sunlight; air temperature in summer/minimal in winter, maximal rainfall in winter/minimal in summer) and were strongly associated pairwise. Hypospadiac birth prevalence follows a simple harmonic seasonal pattern and is associated with that of cryptorchidism in Greece. The coincidence of the first or third trimester of a potentially genetically influenced gestation with winter could lead to the phenotypic expression of hypospadias or cryptorchidism, respectively. The potential role of a cyclic-varied androgen-production stimulator, such as human chorionic gonadotrophin may be speculated. The seasonality of a common environmental factor acting directly/indirectly may contribute to these patterns, and possibly to the common pathogenesis of these congenital malformations.

Indexed as

congenital anomalyepidemiologyhypospadiasprevalenceseasonal variation

Identifiers

PMID28587367
PMCPMC5450666
OpenAlexW2605642722

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.