ArticleExperimental and therapeutic medicine2017
Seawater-drowning-induced acute lung injury: From molecular mechanisms to potential treatments.
Article in Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Respiratory Emergencies in Disasters: A Narrative Review.Thoracic research and practice · 2026Article
- Macrophage SH3 domain‑containing GRB2‑like protein B1 is required for Rab7‑mediated mitophagy in inflammation during sea water drowning acute lung injury.International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Hesperidin-β-Cyclodextrin inclusion complexes: A novel approach for preventing and treating acute lung injury caused by seawater drowning.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2025Article
- Beyond the pill: incrimination of nuclear factor-kappa B and their targeted phytomedicine for pulmonary fibrosis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Experimental animal models of acute respiratory distress syndrome: one-hit and two-hit establishment application.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Mesenchymal stem cell treatment alleviates seawater drowning induced lung injury by inhibiting the TNFα/Snail/EMT pathway.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- Imbalance of intestinal flora activates inflammatory response contributing to acute lung injury.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- Oxidative stress and NF-KB/iNOS inflammatory pathway as innovative biomarkers for diagnosis of drowning and differentiating it from postmortem submersion in both fresh and saltwater in rats.International journal of legal medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Vaporization of perfluorocarbon attenuates sea-water-drowning-induced acute lung injury by deactivating the NLRP3 inflammasomes in canines.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2024Article
- MicroRNA‑200c‑3p regulates seawater‑induced acute lung injury via ANGII and ACE2/ANG1‑7 pathways.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Article
- Applicable Forensic Biomarker for Drowning Diagnosis: Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 2 (ERK2).International journal of legal medicine · 2023Article
- The Emerging Roles of Ferroptosis in Pathophysiology and Treatment of Acute Lung Injury.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Review
- Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, Pulmonary Edema, and Sodium Toxicity: A Grounded Theory.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Therapeutic Effect and the Possible Mechanism of C-Phycocyanin in Lipopolysaccharide and Seawater-Induced Acute Lung Injury.Drug design, development and therapy · 2022Article
- Strategies to protect surfactant and enhance its activity.Biomedical journal · 2021Review
- Ghrelin attenuates drowning injury via dual effects on damage protection and immune repression.Annals of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Surfactant Attenuates Air Embolism-Induced Lung Injury by Suppressing NKCC1 Expression and NF-κB Activation.Inflammation · 2021Article
- Nonionic surfactant attenuates acute lung injury by restoring epithelial integrity and alveolar fluid clearance.International journal of medical sciences · 2021Article
- Nrf2 protects against seawater drowning-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting ferroptosis.Respiratory research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Drowning is a crucial public safety problem and is the third leading cause of accidental fatality, claiming ~372,000 lives annually, worldwide. In near-drowning patients, acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the most common complications. Approximately 1/3 of near-drowning patients fulfill the criteria for ALI or ARDS. In the present article, the current literature of near-drowning, pathophysiologic changes and the molecular mechanisms of seawater-drowning-induced ALI and ARDS was reviewed. Seawater is three times more hyperosmolar than plasma, and following inhalation of seawater the hyperosmotic seawater may cause serious injury in the lung and alveoli. The perturbing effects of seawater may be primarily categorized into insufficiency of pulmonary surfactant, blood-air barrier disruption, formation of pulmonary edema, inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy, apoptosis and various other hypertonic stimulation. Potential treatments for seawater-induced ALI/ARDS were also presented, in addition to suggestions for further studies. A total of nine therapeutic strategies had been tested and all had focused on modulating the over-activated immunoreactions. In conclusion, seawater drowning is a complex injury process and the exact mechanisms and potential treatments require further exploration.
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