ArticleJournal of women's health (2002)2017
Disparities in Assisted Reproductive Technology Utilization by Race and Ethnicity, United States, 2014: A Commentary.
Article in Journal of women's health (2002), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trends in infertility treatments by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and region in US birth certificates from live births: 2011 to 2022.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2026Article
- Shelling Out: Eugenic Afterlives in Egg Donation Advertising in Two Elite University Newspapers.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2025Review
- Spatiotemporal evolution of online interest in assisted reproductive technology: a two-decade global analysis through google trends.BMC public health · 2025Observational
- Determinants of utilization of infertility services by race and ethnicity in a state with a comprehensive infertility mandate.Fertility and sterility · 2025Article
- Possible CMV transmission via intrauterine insemination: case report.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Ethical constraints and dilemmas in the provision of in-vitro fertilization treatment in Ghana: from the perspectives of experts.BMC medical ethics · 2024Article
- Racial/ethnic disparity in severe maternal morbidity among women who conceived by in vitro fertilization.AJOG global reports · 2024Article
- Multiple Imputation of Missing Race/Ethnicity Information in the National Assisted Reproductive Technology Surveillance System.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2024Article
- State insurance mandates and racial and ethnic inequities in assisted reproductive technology utilization.Fertility and sterility · 2024Article
- Gestational Diabetes and Breastfeeding Among Women of Different Races/Ethnicities: Evidence from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring Surveys.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- Assisted Reproductive Technology and Breech Delivery: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Singleton Pregnancies.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- The interplay of race/ethnicity and education in fertility patterns.Population studies · 2022Article
- Geographic distribution of assisted reproductive technology clinics in the USA: a multilevel sociodemographic analysis.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2022Article
- Impact of in vitro fertilization state mandates for third party insurance coverage in the United States: a review and critical assessment.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2022Review
- Access to Fertility Care in Geographically Underserved Populations, a Second Look.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2022Review
- Factors associated with disparate outcomes among Black women undergoing in vitro fertilization.F&S reports · 2022Article
- Asian Americans and infertility: genetic susceptibilities, sociocultural stigma, and access to care.F&S reports · 2022Article
- Psychobiological, clinical, and sociocultural factors that influence Black women seeking treatment for infertility: a mixed-methods study.F&S reports · 2022Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities among donor oocyte banks in the United States.Fertility and sterility · 2022Article
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Surveillance - United States, 2018.Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Disparities in infertility and access to infertility treatments, such as assisted reproductive technology (ART), by race/ethnicity, have been reported. However, identifying disparities in ART usage may have been hampered by missing race/ethnicity information in ART surveillance. We review infertility prevalence and treatment disparities, use recent data to examine ART use in the United States by race/ethnicity and residency in states with mandated insurance coverage for in vitro fertilization (IVF), and discuss approaches for reducing disparities. We used 2014 National ART Surveillance System (NASS) data to calculate rates of ART procedures per million women 15-44 years of age, a proxy measure of ART utilization, for Census-defined racial/ethnic groups in the United States; rates were further stratified by the presence of insurance mandates for IVF treatment. Missing race/ethnicity data (35.6% of cycles) were imputed. Asian/Pacific Islander (A/PI) women had the highest rates of ART utilization at 5883 ART procedures per million women 15-44 years of age in 2014, whereas American Indian/Alaska Native non-Hispanic women had the lowest rates at 807 per million, compared with other racial/ethnic groups. In each racial/ethnic category, ART utilization rates were higher for women in states with an insurance mandate for IVF treatment versus those without. In 2014, A/PI women had the highest rates of ART utilization. ART utilization for all racial/ethnic groups was higher in states with insurance mandates for IVF than those without, although disparities were still evident. Although mandates may increase access to infertility treatments, they are not sufficient to eliminate these disparities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.