ArticleHealth affairs (Project Hope)2017
Impact Of Ambulance Diversion: Black Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Had Higher Mortality Than Whites.
Article in Health affairs (Project Hope), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cost-Effectiveness of Virtual Emergency Care Models: Systematic Review.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Pooled it
- Ambulance diversion and its use as an ED overcrowding mitigation strategy: Does it work? A scoping review.International journal of emergency medicine · 2025Review
- Cost-effectiveness of virtual emergency care models: A protocol for a systematic review.PloS one · 2025Article
- Implications of Bias in Artificial Intelligence: Considerations for Cardiovascular Imaging.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2024Review
- Racial and ethnic disparities in emergency department transfers to public hospitals.Health services research · 2024Article
- Taking action to achieve health equity and eliminate healthcare disparities within acute care surgery.Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2024Article
- Emergency department condition acuity, length of stay, and revisits among deaf and hard-of-hearing patients: A retrospective chart review.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2022Observational
- Reimagining and reinvesting in rural hospital markets.Health services research · 2022Article
- Ambulance diversion and ED destination by race/ethnicity: evaluation of Massachusetts' ambulance diversion ban.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Potential bypassing of nearest emergency department by EMS transports.Health services research · 2022Article
- Association between race/ethnicity and income on the likelihood of coronary revascularization among postmenopausal women with acute myocardial infarction: Women's health initiative study.American heart journal · 2022Article
- Structural Discrimination in Emergency Care: How a Sick System Affects Us All.Med (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Racial and neighborhood disparities in mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the United States: An analysis of the CDC case surveillance database.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Conceptual Model of Emergency Department Utilization among Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Patients: A Critical Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Balancing Efficiency and Access: Discouraging Emergency Department Boarding in a Global Budget System.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2021Article
- Effects of Medicaid expansion on access, treatment and outcomes for patients with acute myocardial infarction.PloS one · 2020Article
- Article
- Emergency Department Closures And Openings: Spillover Effects On Patient Outcomes In Bystander Hospitals.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2019Article
- Ambulance diversions following public hospital emergency department closures.Health services research · 2019Article
- Closure simulation for reduction of emergency patient diversion: a discrete agent-based simulation approach to minimizing ambulance diversion.European journal of medical research · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This study investigated whether emergency department crowding affects blacks more than their white counterparts and the mechanisms behind which this might occur. Using a nonpublic database of patients in California with acute myocardial infarction between 2001 and 2011 and hospital-level data on ambulance diversion, we found that hospitals treating a high share of black patients with acute myocardial infarction were more likely to experience diversion and that black patients fared worse compared to white patients experiencing the same level of emergency department crowding as measured by ambulance diversion. The ninety-day and one-year mortality rates among blacks exposed to high diversion levels were 2.88 and 3.09 percentage points higher, respectively, relative to whites, representing a relative increase of 19 percent and 14 percent for ninety-day and one-year death, respectively. Interventions that decrease the need for diversion in hospitals serving a high volume of blacks could reduce these disparities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.