ReviewRetrovirology2017
HIV drug resistance against strand transfer integrase inhibitors.
Review in Retrovirology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed.
- HIV-1 integrase inhibitor resistance in viraemic-treated individuals and baseline capsid diversity relevant to future lenacapavir therapy.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Targeting Human Immunodeficiency Virus Integrase Beyond the Active Site: The Discovery and Development of Allosteric Integrase Inhibitors.ChemMedChem · 2026Review
- Treatment-Emergent Bictegravir Resistance in a Treatment-Naive Individual With HIV Infection: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Elucidating the mechanism by which HIV-1 nucleocapsid mutations confer resistance to integrase strand transfer inhibitors.Science advances · 2025Article
- Development and Validation of a Machine Learning Model for Identifying Novel HIV Integrase Inhibitors.Cureus · 2025Article
- Elucidating the Mechanism by Which HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Mutations Confer Resistance to Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Two-Step Synthesis of a Dolutegravir Intermediate DTG-6 in a Microfluidized Bed Cascade System: Route Design and Kinetic Study.Chem & bio engineering · 2025Article
- Review
- The Impact of HIV on Early Brain Aging-A Pathophysiological (Re)View.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Single cell spatial profiling of FFPE splenic tissue from a humanized mouse model of HIV infection.Biomarker research · 2024Article
- Combating antimicrobial resistance in malaria, HIV and tuberculosis.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2024Review
- Article
- Development and emerging trends of drug resistance mutations in HIV: a bibliometric analysis based on CiteSpace.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Real-world prevalence of integrase inhibitor resistance and virological failure since adoption as guideline-preferred therapy.Drugs in context · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of HIV-1 integrase resistance to dolutegravir and potent inhibition of drug-resistant variants.Science advances · 2023Article
- HIV-1 3'-Polypurine Tract Mutations Confer Dolutegravir Resistance by Switching to an Integration-Independent Replication Mechanism via 1-LTR Circles.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- The G118R plus R263K Combination of Integrase Mutations Associated with Dolutegravir-Based Treatment Failure Reduces HIV-1 Replicative Capacity and Integration.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2023Article
- A computational overview of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) against emerging and evolving drug-resistant HIV-1 integrase mutants.Archives of microbiology · 2023Review
- HIV and Drug-Resistant Subtypes.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Promising Schiff bases in antiviral drug design and discovery.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2023Review
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are the newest class of antiretroviral drugs to be approved for treatment and act by inhibiting the essential HIV protein integrase from inserting the viral DNA genome into the host cell's chromatin. Three drugs of this class are currently approved for use in HIV-positive individuals: raltegravir (RAL), elvitegravir (EVG), and dolutegravir (DTG), while cabotegravir (CAB) and bictegravir (BIC) are currently in clinical trials. RAL and EVG have been successful in clinical settings but have relatively low genetic barriers to resistance. Furthermore, they share a high degree of cross-resistance, which necessitated the development of so-called second-generation drugs of this class (DTG, CAB, and BIC) that could retain activity against these resistant variants. In vitro selection experiments have been instrumental to the clinical development of INSTIs, however they cannot completely recapitulate the situation in an HIV-positive individual. This review summarizes and compares all the currently available information as it pertains to both in vitro and in vivo selections with all five INSTIs, and the measured fold-changes in resistance of resistant variants in in vitro assays. While the selection of resistance substitutions in response to RAL and EVG bears high similarity in patients as compared to laboratory studies, there is less concurrence regarding the "second-generation" drugs of this class. This highlights the unpredictability of HIV resistance to these inhibitors, which is of concern as CAB and BIC proceed in their clinical development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.