ArticleAIDS patient care and STDs2017
Barriers and Facilitators to HIV Testing Among Zambian Female Sex Workers in Three Transit Hubs.
Article in AIDS patient care and STDs, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Determinants of access to HIV testing and counselling services among female sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2019Pooled it
- HIV Testing and Counseling Among Female Sex Workers: A Systematic Literature Review.AIDS and behavior · 2018Pooled it
- Trial
- The Effect of HIV Self-Testing Delivery Models on Female Sex Workers' Sexual Behaviors: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Urban Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2019Trial
- Acceptability of HIV self-testing to support pre-exposure prophylaxis among female sex workers in Uganda and Zambia: results from two randomized controlled trials.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- Direct provision versus facility collection of HIV self-tests among female sex workers in Uganda: A cluster-randomized controlled health systems trial.PLoS medicine · 2017Trial
- HIV self-testing among female sex workers in Zambia: A cluster randomized controlled trial.PLoS medicine · 2017Trial
- A User-Centered Approach to Achieving High Degree of Digital Health Technology Utilization for Community HIV Case Management and Data Collection in Ethiopia.Global health, science and practice · 2026Article
- Stigma, privacy concerns, sexual behaviors, and testing history shape willingness to use HIV self-testing among African refugee men engaged in sex work in Italy - a mixed method study-BGSH-023.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Trends and Factors Affecting Knowledge of and Stigma and Violence Towards Female Sex Workers in Morocco.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- An Open Letter on Advancing HIV prevention: Augmenting an ecosystem-based approach to understand prevention decision-making.Gates open research · 2024Article
- Who Asks About HIV/STI Status?: An Analysis of Women Who Sell Sex and Inject Drugs.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Limited awareness of HIV Status hinders uptake of treatment among female sex workers and sexually exploited adolescents in Wau and Yambio, South Sudan.BMC public health · 2023Article
- HIV treatment cascade among female sex workers in Ethiopia: Assessment against the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets.PloS one · 2023Article
- The HIV Cascade of Care and Service Utilisation at Sex Work Programmes Among Female Sex Workers in South Africa.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- "I felt very small and embarrassed by the health care provider when I requested to be tested for syphilis": barriers and facilitators of regular syphilis and HIV testing among female sex workers in Uganda.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Unintended uses, meanings, and consequences: HIV self-testing among female sex workers in urban Uganda.AIDS care · 2021Article
- The experiences of sex workers accessing HIV care services in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.African health sciences · 2021Article
- The mediated effect of HIV risk perception in the relationship between peer education and HIV testing uptake among three key populations in China.AIDS research and therapy · 2021Article
- Changes over time in HIV testing and counselling uptake and associated factors among youth in Zambia: a cross-sectional analysis of demographic and health surveys from 2007 to 2018.BMC public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Zambia has a generalized HIV epidemic, and HIV is concentrated along transit routes. Female sex workers (FSWs) are disproportionately affected by the epidemic. HIV testing is the crucial first step for engagement in HIV care and HIV prevention activities. However, to date little work has been done with FSWs in Zambia, and little is known about barriers and facilitators to HIV testing in this population. FSW peer educators were recruited through existing sex worker organizations for participation in a trial related to HIV testing among FSWs. We conducted five focus groups with FSW peer educators (N = 40) in three transit towns in Zambia (Livingstone, Chirundu, and Kapiri Mposhi) to elicit community norms related to HIV testing. Emerging themes demonstrated barriers and facilitators to HIV testing occurring at multiple levels, including individual, social network, and structural. Stigma and discrimination, including healthcare provider stigma, were a particularly salient barrier. Improving knowledge, social support, and acknowledgment of FSWs and women's role in society emerged as facilitators to testing. Interventions to improve HIV testing among FSWs in Zambia will need to address barriers and facilitators at multiple levels to be maximally effective.
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