ReviewClinical and translational medicine2017
Phosgene-induced acute lung injury (ALI): differences from chlorine-induced ALI and attempts to translate toxicology to clinical medicine.
Review in Clinical and translational medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phosgene-Induced acute lung injury: Approaches for mechanism-based treatment strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Promoting epithelial regeneration in chemically induced acute lung injury through Sox9-positive alveolar type 2 epithelial cells.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Article
- RGD-Hydrogel Improves the Therapeutic Effect of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Phosgene-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats.Computational intelligence and neuroscience · 2022Article
- Pulmonary Nodules Developed Rapidly in Staffs in the Isolation Ward of a Chinese Hospital during the COVID-19 Epidemic.Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES · 2020Article
- Disease-modifying treatment of chemical threat agent-induced acute lung injury.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2020Review
- What are the mechanisms underlying vaping-induced lung injury?The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Article
- Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Reduces Ventilation-Induced Lung Injury through Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α in a Murine Endotoxemia Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Phosgene inhalation causes hemolysis and acute lung injury.Toxicology letters · 2019Article
- Oxidative Stress from Environmental Exposures.Current opinion in toxicology · 2018Article
- Adrenergic and glucocorticoid receptor antagonists reduce ozone-induced lung injury and inflammation.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPhosgene (carbonyl dichloride) gas is an indispensable chemical inter-mediate used in numerous industrial processes. There is no clear consensus as to its time- and inhaled-dose-dependent etiopathologies and associated preventive or therapeutic treatment strategies.
methodsCardiopulmonary function was examined in rats exposed by inhalation to the alveolar irritant phosgene or to the airway irritant chlorine during and following exposure. Terminal measurements focused on hematology, protein extravasation in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and increased lung weight. Noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic endpoints in exhaled breath (carbon dioxide and nitric oxide) were used to detect the clinically occult stage of pulmonary edema.
resultsThe first event observed in rats following high but sublethal acute exposure to phosgene was the stimulation of alveolar nociceptive vagal receptors. This afferent stimulation resulted in dramatic changes in cardiopulmonary functions, ventilation: perfusion imbalances, and progressive pulmonary edema and phospholipoproteinosis. Hematology revealed hemoconcentration to be an early marker of pulmonary edema and fibrin as a discriminating endpoint that was positive for the airway irritant chlorine and negative for the alveolar irritant phosgene.
conclusionsThe application of each gas produced typical ALI/ARDS (acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome) characteristics. Phosgene-induced ALI showed evidence of persistent apnea periods, bradycardia, and shifts of vascular fluid from the peripheral to the pulmonary circulation. Carbon dioxide in expired gas was suggestive of increased ventilation dead space and appeared to be a harbinger of progressively developing lung edema. Treatment with the iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine aerosol by inhalation reduced the severity of phosgene-induced ALI when applied at low dose-rates. Symptomatic treatment regimens were considered inferior to causal modes of treatment.
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