ReviewHuman immunology
Understanding solid-phase HLA antibody assays and the value of MFI.
Review in Human immunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- De novo donor-specific antibodies in belatacept-treated vs cyclosporine-treated kidney-transplant recipients: Post hoc analyses of the randomized phase III BENEFIT and BENEFIT-EXT studies.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2018Trial
- Posttransplant reduction in preexisting donor-specific antibody levels after belatacept- versus cyclosporine-based immunosuppression: Post hoc analyses of BENEFIT and BENEFIT-EXT.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2018Trial
- An Approach to Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Pediatric Liver Transplantation.Pediatric transplantation · 2026Review
- ISOT Position Statement on Immunological Evaluation in Kidney Transplantation.Clinical transplantation · 2026Article
- Article
- Innovative strategies in kidney paired donation: single-center experience achieving the highest annual transplant volume globally.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Novel Allocation Strategies Can Boost Kidney Exchange Programs: A Monte Carlo Simulation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2026Article
- Beyond histocompatibility: human leukocyte antigen as a cross-disciplinary platform for immune recognition and clinical decision-making.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Anti-HLA antibodies in lung transplantation: diagnostic pitfalls and future directions.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Unboxing iBox: A Critical Appraisal of Its Measurement Properties for Predicting Kidney Allograft Failure.Kidney medicine · 2026Review
- Highly sensitized kidney transplant candidates: integrating acceptable mismatch, desensitization, imlifidase, and emerging immune-cell targeting strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Retrospective Analysis of Graft Loss Risk in Patients with BK Polyomavirus Associated Nephropathy in Relation to Rejection Status in a Multicentre Cohort with Regular Surveillance of BK Polyomavirus and Donor-Specific Antibody.American journal of nephrology · 2025Article
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- Article
- Article
- Cumulative donor-specific antibody threshold predicts platelet transfusion response in HLA-alloimmunized patients.Blood advances · 2024Article
- Graft failure after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients with acute leukemia: autologous reconstitution or second transplant?Stem cell research & therapy · 2024Review
- Article
- Belatacept with time-limited tacrolimus coimmunosuppression modifies the 3-year risk of eplet mismatch in kidney transplantation.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2024Article
- Evaluation ofFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
As the practice of medicine becomes more reliant on imaging and laboratory tests, medical decisions will be increasingly based on numbers. Accordingly, following the introduction of solid-phase testing to the HLA testing repertoire, laboratory directors and physicians have employed preset mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) thresholds as the basis for decisions in the management of transplant patients. However, what do MFI values mean? The literature is rife with reports detailing numerous factors that influence antibody assessment including (but not limited to) sensitization history of the patient, level of mismatch between donor and recipient, presence of interfering substances in the serum, whether the antigen on multiplex beads is native or denatured, day-to-day and technologist variability, and the historical performance of an assay in a given institution. How are these variables incorporated into the interpretation of MFI values? Herein, the pitfalls and complexities of single antigen bead (SAB) testing and interpretation are discussed with specific attention to what can and cannot be inferred by MFI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.