ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2017
Colonization Density of the Upper Respiratory Tract as a Predictor of Pneumonia-Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pneumocystis jirovecii.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lung ultrasound and procalcitonin, improving antibiotic management and avoiding radiation exposure in pediatric critical patients with bacterial pneumonia: a randomized clinical trial.European journal of medical research · 2024Trial
- Development and optimization of an easy to interpret loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the identification of bacterial pathogens causing childhood pneumonia.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Comparing sputum, nasopharyngeal swabs, and combined samples for respiratory bacterial detection using multiplex PCR.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of human metapneumovirus among children with severe or very severe pneumonia in high pneumonia burden settings: the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) study experience.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2025Article
- Molecular diagnostics improve the yield of diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia and multidrug-resistant pathogens in hospitalised patients with HIV in a low-income setting.African journal of thoracic and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Nanofluidic qPCR unable to detect and serotype Streptococcus pneumoniae in urine samples of hospitalized South African patients with community-acquired pneumonia.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Antibiotics for lower respiratory tract infection in children presenting in primary care: ARTIC-PC RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2023Article
- Digitally recorded and remotely classified lung auscultation compared with conventional stethoscope classifications among children aged 1-59 months enrolled in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) case-control study.BMJ open respiratory research · 2022Article
- Nasopharyngeal colonisation dynamics of bacterial pathogens in patients with fever in rural Burkina Faso: an observational study.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Observational
- The Etiology of Pneumonia From Analysis of Lung Aspirate and Pleural Fluid Samples: Findings From the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- The Etiology of Pneumonia in HIV-1-infected South African Children in the Era of Antiretroviral Treatment: Findings From the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) Study.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2021Article
- The Etiology of Pneumonia in HIV-uninfected South African Children: Findings From the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) Study.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2021Article
- The Etiology of Pneumonia in Zambian Children: Findings From the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) Study.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2021Article
- Epidemiology of Respiratory Pathogens Among Children Hospitalized for Pneumonia in Xiamen: A Retrospective Study.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2021Article
- Bacteria and viruses in the upper respiratory tract of Congolese children with radiologically confirmed pneumonia.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Approach to Identifying Causative Pathogens of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children Using Culture, Molecular, and Serology Tests.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Bacterial composition of nasal discharge in children based on highly accurate 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Uses of pathogen detection data to estimate vaccine direct effects in case-control studies.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2020Article
- Nasopharyngeal density of respiratory viruses in childhood pneumonia in a highly vaccinated setting: findings from a case-control study.BMJ open respiratory research · 2020Article
- Discovery of Species-unique Peptide Biomarkers of Bacterial Pathogens by Tandem Mass Spectrometry-based Proteotyping.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
38 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND.: There is limited information on the association between colonization density of upper respiratory tract colonizers and pathogen-specific pneumonia. We assessed this association for Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pneumocystis jirovecii. METHODS.: In 7 low- and middle-income countries, nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs from children with severe pneumonia and age-frequency matched community controls were tested using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Differences in median colonization density were evaluated using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Density cutoffs were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves. Cases with a pathogen identified from lung aspirate culture or PCR, pleural fluid culture or PCR, blood culture, and immunofluorescence for P. jirovecii defined microbiologically confirmed cases for the given pathogens. RESULTS.: Higher densities of H. influenzae were observed in both microbiologically confirmed cases and chest radiograph (CXR)-positive cases compared to controls. Staphylococcus aureus and P. jirovecii had higher densities in CXR-positive cases vs controls. A 5.9 log10 copies/mL density cutoff for H. influenzae yielded 86% sensitivity and 77% specificity for detecting microbiologically confirmed cases; however, densities overlapped between cases and controls and positive predictive values were poor (<3%). Informative density cutoffs were not found for S. aureus and M. catarrhalis, and a lack of confirmed case data limited the cutoff identification for P. jirovecii. CONCLUSIONS.: There is evidence for an association between H. influenzae colonization density and H. influenzae-confirmed pneumonia in children; the association may be particularly informative in epidemiologic studies. Colonization densities of M. catarrhalis, S. aureus, and P. jirovecii are unlikely to be of diagnostic value in clinical settings.
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