ArticlePloS one2017
A RNAi-based therapeutic proof of concept targets salmonid whirling disease in vivo.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Charting the Future: Advanced Technologies for Sustainable Parasite Control in Aquaculture.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- RNAi-directed knockdown in the cnidarian fish blood parasite Sphaerospora molnari.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Immune Response to the Myxozoan ParasiteInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Review: Recent Applications of Gene Editing in Fish Species and Aquatic Medicine.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Silencing of heat shock protein 90 (hsp90): Effect on development and infectivity of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis.BMC veterinary research · 2023Article
- Selection of suitable reference genes for gene expression studies in myxosporean (Myxozoa, Cnidaria) parasites.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- A new age in AquaMedicine: unconventional approach in studying aquatic diseases.BMC veterinary research · 2018Review
- Susceptibility-related differences in the quantity of developmental stages of Myxobolus spp. (Myxozoa) in fish blood.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Myxobolus cerebralis is a cnidarian-myxozoan parasite that causes salmonid whirling disease. M. cerebralis alternates between two hosts: (1) a vertebrate salmonid and (2) an invertebrate oligochaete, Tubifex tubifex. There is no successful treatment for salmonid whirling disease. MyxSP-1 is a M. cerebralis serine protease implicated in whirling disease pathogenesis. We hypothesized that short-interfering RNA (siRNA)-induced RNA interference (RNAi) can silence MyxSP-1 in the invertebrate host and abrogate the M. cerebralis life cycle. This would preclude whirling disease infection in the salmonid host. To test this hypothesis, we first developed a siRNA delivery protocol in T. tubifex. Second, we determined the effective dose for siRNA treatment of M. cerebralis-infected T. tubifex. M. cerebralis-infected T. tubifex were treated with different concentrations of MyxSP-1 or negative control siRNAs (1μM, 2μM, 5μM or 7μM) at 15°C for 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h, respectively. We monitored MyxSP-1 knockdown using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). siRNA treatment with MyxSP-1 siRNA at 2μM concentration for 24h at 15°C showed maximum significant MyxSP-1 knockdown in T. tubifex. Third, we determined the time points in the M. cerebralis life cycle in T. tubifex at which siRNA treatment was most effective. M. cerebralis-infected T. tubifex were treated with MyxSP-1 or negative control siRNAs (2μM concentration for 24h at 15°C) at 24 hours post-infection (24hpi), 48hpi, 72hpi, 96hpi, 1 month post-infection (1mpi), 2mpi and 3mpi, respectively. We observed that siRNA treatment of T. tubifex was most effective at 1mpi, 2mpi and 3mpi. Fourth, we immersed specific-pathogen-free rainbow trout fry in water inhabited by MyxSP-1 siRNA-treated T. tubifex (at 1mpi, 2mpi and 3mpi). The salmonids did not develop whirling disease and showed significant MyxSP-1 knockdown. We also observed long-term RNAi in T. tubifex. Together these results demonstrate a novel RNAi-based therapeutic proof of concept in vivo against salmonid whirling disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.