ArticlePloS one2017
A comprehensive retrospective study of the seroprevalence of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in occupationally exposed populations in China.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transmission Pathways of Zoonotic Influenza Viruses and Influencing Factors: A Systematic Review of Recent Findings.Viruses · 2025Pooled it
- A bivalent inactivated influenza vaccine incorporating epitope-optimized surface proteins confers cross-protective immunity against H9N2 influenza virus.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Article
- Prior immunity to seasonal influenza A(H3N2) virus confers varying levels of cross-protection against challenge with clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1), A(H7N9), or A(H9N2) virus in a ferret model.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Public health risks and control measures associated with live animal and animal product trade in traditional food markets in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Adaptive selection of quasispecies duringJournal of virology · 2025Article
- Occupational Risk from Avian Influenza Viruses at Different Ecological Interfaces Between 1997 and 2019.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Random forest algorithm reveals novel sites in HA protein that shift receptor binding preference of the H9N2 avian influenza virus.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Mutual antagonism of mouse-adaptation mutations in HA and PA proteins on H9N2 virus replication.Virologica Sinica · 2024Article
- The immune system of chicken and its response to H9N2 avian influenza virus.The veterinary quarterly · 2023Review
- Genetic, biological and epidemiological study on a cluster of H9N2 avian influenza virus infections among chickens, a pet cat, and humans at a backyard farm in Guangxi, China.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- An overview of avian influenza surveillance strategies and modes.Science in One Health · 2023Review
- Virome characterization of game animals in China reveals a spectrum of emerging pathogens.Cell · 2022Article
- Emerging threats and vaccination strategies of H9N2 viruses in poultry in Indonesia: A review.F1000Research · 2022Review
- Research progress on distribution and exposure risk of microbial aerosols in animal houses.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Review
- A replication-deficient H9N2 influenza virus carrying H5 hemagglutinin conferred protection against H9N2 and H5N1 influenza viruses in mice.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Serologic Evidence of Occupational Exposure to Avian Influenza Viruses at the Wildfowl/Poultry/Human Interface.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Development of a Rapid Fluorescent Diagnostic System to Detect Subtype H9 Influenza A Virus in Chicken Feces.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- The Epidemiology, Virology, and Pathogenicity of Human Infections with Avian Influenza Viruses.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- Dominant subtype switch in avian influenza viruses during 2016-2019 in China.Nature communications · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The H9N2 avian influenza virus circulates worldwide, predominantly in poultry. Its increasing infectivity and adaptation in poultry and mammals have enhanced the possibility of human infection. However, H9N2 human cases are difficult to detect due to their mild clinical symptoms. Serological study is valuable for risk assessment. A total of 15,700 serum samples were collected from occupationally exposed populations in 22 provinces of China and tested using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and microneutralization (MN) assays. The sera positive rate of A/Guangzhou/333/99 (G9) was significantly higher than that of A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/97 (G1) (p<0.0001). The seroprevalences of H9N2 were significantly higher in live poultry market workers, large-scale poultry farmers and backyard farmers than in poultry slaughtering factory workers and wild bird habitant workers. The seroprevalences of A/Guangzhou/333/99 (G9) (3.42%) and A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/97 (G1) (1.37%) in Southern China were significantly higher than those in Northern China (p<0.001). The seroprevalence was highest in the elderly, followed by adults and then youths. Our results indicate that subclinical human infection with H9N2 avian influenza virus is widely distributed in China. Longer poultry exposure might contribute to the higher seroprevalence in the elderly group. The higher seroprevalence observed in Southern China than in Northern China might be caused by a higher poultry density.
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